Background

Rising prevalence of cardiovascular disease requires in-depth understanding of predisposing factors. Studies show an association between air pollution and CVD but this association is not well documented in southern Nigeria where the use of biomass fuels (BMF) for domestic purposes is prevalent.

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the association between household BMF use and blood pressure (BP) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) among rural-dwelling women.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 389 women aged 18 years and older. Questionnaires were used to obtain data on predominant fuel used and a brief medical history. Wood, charcoal and agricultural waste were classified as BMF while kerosene, bottled gas and electricity were classified as non-BMF. Blood pressure and CIMT were measured using standard protocols. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between fuel type and BP, CIMT, pre-hypertension and hypertension after adjusting for confounders.

Results

There was a significant difference in the mean (standard deviation) systolic BP (135.3, 26.7 mmHg vs 123.8, 22.6 mmHg; p < 0.01), diastolic BP (83.7, 18.5 mmHg vs 80.1, 13.8 mmHg; p = 0.043) and CIMT (0.63, 0.16 mm vs 0.56, 0.14 mm; p = 0.004) among BMF users compared to non-BMF users. In regression analysis, the use of BMF was significantly associated with 2.7 mmHg higher systolic BP (p = 0.040), 0.04 mm higher CIMT (p = 0.048) in addition to increased odds of pre-hypertension (OR 1.67 95% CI 1.56, 4.99, P = 0.035) but not hypertension (OR 1.23 95% CI 0.73, 2.07, P = 0.440).

Conclusion

In this population, there was a significant association between BMF use and increased SBP, CIMT and pre-hypertension. This requires further exploration with a large-scale longitudinal study design because there are policy implications for countries like Nigeria where a large proportion of the population still rely on BMF for domestic energy.

中文翻译：

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家用生物质燃料的使用，血压和颈动脉内膜中层厚度；尼日利亚南部农村居民妇女的横断面研究

背景

心血管疾病患病率的上升需要深入了解诱发因素。研究表明，空气污染与CVD之间存在关联，但这种关联在尼日利亚南部没有得到充分记录，那里南部普遍使用生物质燃料（BMF）进行家庭用途。

目的

这项研究旨在探讨农村妇女家庭使用BMF与血压（BP）和颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）之间的关系。

方法

对389名18岁以上的女性进行的横断面研究。通过问卷调查获得有关主要燃料使用情况和简短病史的数据。木材，木炭和农业废物被归类为BMF，而煤油，瓶装气体和电力则归为非BMF。使用标准方案测量血压和CIMT。校正混杂因素后，使用回归分析评估燃料类型与BP，CIMT，高血压前期和高血压之间的关系。

结果

收缩压平均值（标准偏差）（135.3，26.7 mmHg vs 123.8，22.6 mmHg; p <0.01），舒张压（83.7，18.5 mmHg vs 80.1，13.8 mmHg; p = 0.043）和CIMT差异显着与非BMF用户相比，BMF用户为0.63，0.16 mm vs.0.56，0.14 mm; p = 0.004）。在回归分析中，BMF的使用与收缩压高2.7 mmHg（p = 0.040），CIMT高0.04 mm（p = 0.048）显着相关，此外还有高血压前期的几率增加（OR 1.67 95％CI 1.56，4.99 ，P = 0.035）而不是高血压（OR 1.23 95％CI 0.73，2.07，P = 0.440）。

结论

在这一人群中，BMF的使用与SBP，CIMT和高血压前期的升高之间存在显着的关联。这就需要使用大规模纵向研究设计进行进一步的探索，因为这对像尼日利亚这样的国家有政策影响，在尼日利亚这些国家中仍有很大一部分人口仍然依靠BMF来提供家庭能源。