Although sleep-dependent consolidation and its neurochemical underpinnings have been strongly researched, less is known about how consolidation during sleep affects subsequent learning. Since sleep enhances memory, it can be expected to pro-actively interfere with learning after sleep, in particular of similar materials. This pro-active interference should be enhanced by substances that benefit consolidation during sleep, such as D-cycloserine. We tested this hypothesis in two groups (Sleep, Wake) of young healthy participants receiving on one occasion D-cycloserine (175 mg) and on another occasion placebo, according to a double-blind balanced crossover design. Treatment was administered after participants had learned a set of word pairs (A-B list) and before nocturnal retention periods of sleep vs. wakefulness. After D-cycloserine blood plasma levels had dropped to negligible amounts, i.e., the next day in the evening, participants learned, in three sequential runs, new sets of word pairs. One list-to enhance interference-consisted of the same cue words as the original set paired with a new target word (A-C list) and the other of completely new cue words (D-E set). Unexpectedly, during post-retention learning the A-C interference list was generally better learned than the completely new D-E list, which suggests that consolidation of previously encoded similar material enhances memory integration rather than pro-active interference. Consistent with this view, new learning of word pairs was better after sleep than wakefulness. Similarly, D-cycloserine generally enhanced learning of new word pairs, compared to placebo. This effect being independent of sleep or wakefulness, leads us to speculate that D-cycloserine, in addition to enhancing sleep-dependent consolidation, might mediate a time-dependent process of active forgetting.

中文翻译：

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过夜记忆巩固促进而不是干扰了类似材料的新学习-一项研究NMDA受体的研究。

尽管对睡眠依赖的巩固及其神经化学基础进行了深入研究，但关于睡眠期间的巩固如何影响后续学习的知识鲜为人知。由于睡眠会增强记忆力，因此可以预期会积极干预睡眠后的学习，尤其是类似材料的学习。应通过有益于睡眠期间巩固的物质（例如D-环丝氨酸）来增强这种主动干扰。根据双盲平衡分频设计，我们在两组（睡眠，唤醒）年轻健康参与者中测试了这一假设，该参与者一次接受D-环丝氨酸（175毫克），另一次接受安慰剂。在参与者学习了一组单词对（AB列表）之后，以及在夜间睡眠与清醒之间的保留时间之前，进行了治疗。在D-环丝氨酸的血浆水平下降到可以忽略的水平后，即晚上的第二天，参与者分三批连续学习了新的单词对。一个列表（用于增强干扰）由与原始集合相同的提示词与一个新的目标词（AC列表）配对，另一个由全新的提示词（DE集合）组成。出乎意料的是，在保留后学习期间，交流干扰列表通常比全新的DE列表更好地学习，这表明合并先前编码的相似材料可以增强内存集成，而不是主动干扰。与此观点一致，睡眠后新的单词对学习比清醒更好。类似地，与安慰剂相比，D-环丝氨酸通常增强了新单词对的学习。