Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging domain that promises ubiquitous connection to the Internet, turning common objects into connected devices. The IoT paradigm is changing the way people interact with things around them. It paves the way for creating pervasively connected infrastructures to support innovative services and promises better flexibility and efficiency. Such advantages are attractive not only for consumer applications, but also for the industrial domain. Over the last few years, we have been witnessing the IoT paradigm making its way into the industry marketplace with purposely designed solutions. In this paper, we clarify the concepts of IoT, Industrial IoT, and Industry 4.0. We highlight the opportunities brought in by this paradigm shift as well as the challenges for its realization. In particular, we focus on the challenges associated with the need of energy efficiency, real-time performance, coexistence, interoperability, and security and privacy. We also provide a systematic overview of the state-of-the-art research efforts and potential research directions to solve Industrial IoT challenges.

中文翻译：

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工业物联网：挑战、机遇和方向


物联网 (IoT) 是一个新兴领域，它有望实现无处不在的互联网连接，将常见物体转变为互联设备。物联网范式正在改变人们与周围事物交互的方式。它为创建普遍连接的基础设施以支持创新服务铺平了道路，并承诺更好的灵活性和效率。这些优点不仅对消费应用很有吸引力，而且对工业领域也很有吸引力。在过去的几年里，我们见证了物联网范式通过专门设计的解决方案进入行业市场。在本文中，我们阐明了物联网、工业物联网和工业 4.0 的概念。我们强调这种范式转变带来的机遇以及实现它的挑战。我们特别关注与能源效率、实时性能、共存、互操作性以及安全和隐私需求相关的挑战。我们还系统地概述了解决工业物联网挑战的最先进的研究工作和潜在的研究方向。