The transition towards energy systems characterized by high share of weather dependent renewable energy sources poses the problem of balancing the mismatch between inflexible production and inelastic demand with appropriate solutions, which should be feasible from the techno-economic as well as from the environmental point of view. Temporal and spatial decoupling of supply and demand is an important element to be considered for the evolution of built environment, especially when creating sectorial level planning strategies and policies. Energy efficiency measures, on-site generation technologies, demand side management and storage systems are reshaping energy infrastructures and energy market, together with innovative business models. Optimal design and operational choices in buildings are systemic, but buildings are also nodes in infrastructural systems and model-based approaches are generally used to guide decision-making processes, at multiple scale. Built environment could represent a suitable intermediate scale of analysis in Multi-Level Perspective planning, collocated among infrastructures and users. Therefore, the spatial and temporal scalability of modelling techniques is analysed, together with the possibility of accommodating multiple stakeholders’ perspectives in decision-making, thereby finding synergies across multiple sectors of energy demand. For this reason, the paper investigates first the cross-sectorial role of models in the energy sector, because the use of common principles and techniques could stimulate a rapid development of multi-disciplinary research, aimed at sustainable energy transitions. Further, relevant issues for the integration of energy storage in built environment are described, considering their relationship with energy efficiency measures, on-site generation and demand side management.

向以大量依赖天气的可再生能源为特征的能源系统的过渡提出了用适当的解决方案来平衡不灵活的生产和非弹性需求之间的失配的问题，从技术经济以及环境的角度来看这应该是可行的。供需的时空分离是建筑环境演变时要考虑的重要因素，尤其是在制定部门级规划策略和政策时。能源效率措施，现场发电技术，需求侧管理和存储系统正在重塑能源基础设施和能源市场，以及创新的商业模式。建筑物中的最佳设计和操作选择是系统性的，但是建筑物也是基础设施系统中的节点，因此通常使用基于模型的方法来指导多尺度的决策过程。在多层次透视图规划中，构建的环境可以代表适当的中间分析规模，并置于基础架构和用户之间。因此，分析了建模技术的时空可扩展性，以及在决策过程中适应多个利益相关者观点的可能性，从而在能源需求的多个部门之间找到了协同作用。因此，本文首先研究了模型在能源领域的跨部门作用，因为使用通用原理和技术可以促进针对可持续能源转型的多学科研究的快速发展。进一步，