A fast and reproducible protocol for milk Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolomic fingerprinting was developed, allowing for an accurate discrimination among milk samples from large-scale distribution, as well as among milk sample from different farms located in the same restricted geographical area. Seasonal variations in milk composition and correlations with cows' nutritional patterns are also assessed, underlining relationships between feeding and metabolites. The most important difference was related to the use of silage feeding. This finding is relevant to assess the suitability of milk for different dairy products. A prominent example is parmesan cheese, the preparation protocol of which excludes milk from silage-fed cows.

建立了一种快速，可重复的牛奶核磁共振（NMR）代谢组学指纹识别方案，可以对大规模分配的牛奶样品以及位于同一受限地理区域的不同农场的牛奶样品进行准确区分。还评估了牛奶成分的季节性变化以及与奶牛营养模式的相关性，强调了饲料与代谢物之间的关系。最重要的区别与青贮饲料的使用有关。这一发现与评估牛奶对不同乳制品的适用性有关。一个突出的例子是帕尔马干酪，其制备方案不包括青贮饲料奶牛的牛奶。