Background

Metabolic syndromes are the multi-metabolic abnormality characterized by hyperlipidemia, obesity, hyperglycemia, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and neuro-dysfunction. Naringenin, a naturally occurring flavanone compound, abundantly found in citrus fruit, has demonstrated diverse biological activities. In this context, the role of naringenin in the treatment of metabolic disease and alternative sources for high-yield production of naringenin have recently drawn full scientific attention and become an important issue in research.

Scope and approach

This review focuses on recent findings of naringenin against metabolic disorders including oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, inflammation, and organ toxicity. Also, this review highlights the potential sources of naringenin production.

Key findings and conclusions

Naringenin exerts its protective effect against metabolic diseases through multiple mechanisms including its antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals, inducing antioxidant enzymes and targeting on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein Kinase B/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (PI3K/Akt/Nrf2), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/antioxidant responsive element (NRf2/ARE), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), and nitric oxide-cGMP-protein kinase G-induced K_ATP channel (NO-cGMP-PKG-K_ATP). Moreover, microbial production is recommended as a promising alternative method for large-scale production of naringenin. In conclusion, naringenin is a promising compound for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases. Further clinical studies and trials are needed to prove its protective effects on metabolic syndrome in the human population.

中文翻译：

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柑桔黄烷酮柚皮苷对代谢性疾病及其高产的潜在来源的最新综述

背景

代谢综合征是一种以高血脂，肥胖，高血糖，糖尿病，高血压，心血管疾病和神经功能障碍为特征的多代谢异常。柚皮素是一种天然存在的黄烷酮化合物，在柑橘类水果中大量发现，具有多种生物活性。在这种情况下，柚皮苷在代谢疾病的治疗中的作用以及柚皮苷高产量生产的替代来源近来引起了全科学的关注，并成为研究中的重要问题。

范围和方法

这篇综述着重介绍柚皮素对代谢紊乱（包括氧化应激，高脂血症，肥胖症，糖尿病，炎症和器官毒性）的最新发现。另外，本综述重点介绍了柚皮苷生产的潜在来源。

主要发现和结论

柚皮素通过多种机制发挥其抗代谢疾病的保护作用，包括通过清除自由基，诱导抗氧化酶并靶向磷酸肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B /核因子（类胡萝卜素衍生的2）样2（PI3K / Akt）来发挥抗氧化活性。 / Nrf2），类核因子（类胡萝卜素衍生的2）/抗氧化剂响应元件（NRf2 / ARE），活化B细胞的核因子kappa-轻链增强子（NF-kB），促分裂原活化蛋白激酶（ MAPK），3-羟基-3-甲基-戊二酰辅酶A（HMG-CoA）还原酶，过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）和一氧化氮-cGMP-蛋白激酶G诱导的K _ATP通道（NO-cGMP- PKG-K三_磷酸腺苷）。此外，推荐将微生物生产作为大规模生产柚皮苷的有前途的替代方法。总之，柚皮苷是预防和控制代谢性疾病的有前途的化合物。需要进一步的临床研究和试验以证明其对人群代谢综合征的保护作用。