Saline‐sodic soils comprise a large area worldwide, and these areas are increasing annually; therefore, reclamation of these soils is necessary. The present study investigated the effects of adding various biochars and acidified biochars on selected characteristics of saline‐sodic soil and rehabilitation of this soil. The biochars were produced from rice straw (RSB) and dicer wood chips (DWCB) at 300°C. The acidified biochars were prepared by adding HCl to the biochars. The biochars and acidified biochars were incorporated to the soil at 0 and 50 g kg⁻¹. Soil columns were prepared and saturated from the bottom, and then the flow was reversed by keeping a 5‐cm constant head of leaching water on top of the columns. The leachates were taken at every one‐third interval of the pore volume fraction. Then, the concentrations of cations and anions, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) of the collected leachates were determined. At the end of the leaching process, the soil in the column was analyzed for the same parameters as the leachates. The results indicated that the application of the biochars and acidified biochars reduced the soil EC and sodium adsorption ratio. The biochars, especially the RSB, which contains a high amount of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, were able to remediate the saline‐sodic soil. The Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in the biochar can exchange the Na⁺ on the surface of the soil colloids and, therefore, enhance the Na⁺ leaching from the saline‐sodic soil. Acidified biochar induced CaCO₃ dissolution, which will add Ca²⁺ and H⁺ ions to soil solution. The Ca²⁺ and H⁺ ions in the soil solution replace the Na⁺ from the soil colloid surfaces and facilitate the leaching of Na⁺ from the saline‐sodic soil. From the results, it can be concluded that RSB, acidified RSB, and acidified DWCB were feasible to ameliorate calcareous saline‐sodic soil.

中文翻译：

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通过生物炭和酸化生物炭修复钙质盐碱土

盐碱土在世界范围内占很大的面积，并且这些面积每年都在增加。因此，必须对这些土壤进行复垦。本研究调查了添加各种生物炭和酸化生物炭对盐碱土壤选择特性和土壤恢复的影响。生物炭是在300°C下由稻草（RSB）和切丁机木片（DWCB）制成的。通过将HCl添加到生物炭中来制备酸化的生物炭。将生物炭和酸化的生物炭以0和50 g kg ^-1的浓度掺入土壤中。准备土壤柱并从底部开始使其饱和，然后通过在柱顶上保持5 cm恒定的淋洗水头来逆转水流。在孔体积分数的每三分之一间隔取一次渗滤液。然后，确定收集的渗滤液中阳离子和阴离子的浓度，pH值和电导率（EC）。在浸出过程结束时，分析柱中土壤的渗滤液参数。结果表明，生物炭和酸化生物炭的施用降低了土壤EC和钠的吸附率。生物炭，特别是含有大量Ca ²⁺和Mg ²⁺的RSB能够修复盐碱土壤。Ca ²⁺和Mg生物炭中的²⁺可以交换土壤胶体表面的Na ⁺，因此，可以增强从盐碱土壤中浸出的Na ⁺。酸化的生物炭导致CaCO ₃溶解，这将向土壤溶液中添加Ca ²⁺和H ⁺离子。钙²⁺和H ⁺离子在土壤溶液代替的Na ⁺从土壤胶体表面和促进Na组成的浸出⁺从盐碱土。从结果可以得出结论，RSB，酸化的RSB和酸化的DWCB可以改善钙质盐碱土壤。