Lack of a consistent PM₁₀ (particulate matter smaller than 10 μm) database at high spatial resolution hinders in assessing the environmental impact of PM₁₀ in India. Here we propose an alternate approach to estimate the PM₁₀ database. Aerosol extinction coefficients at the surface are calculated from midvisible aerosol optical depth from MERRA-2 reanalysis data using characteristics vertical profiles from CALIOP and then are converted to PM₁₀ mass using aerosol property information and microphysical data. The retrieved PM₁₀ are bias-corrected and evaluated (R² = 0.85) against coincident ground-based data maintained under the Central Pollution Control Board network. PM₁₀ exposure exceeds Indian annual air quality standard in 72.3% districts. Transition in PM₁₀ exposure from the monsoon (Jun–Sep) to postmonsoon season (Oct–Nov) translates to 1–2% higher all-cause mortality risk over the polluted Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB). Mortality risk increases in the central to eastern IGB and central India and reduces in Delhi national capital region in the winter (Dec–Feb) relative to the postmonsoon season. Mortality risk decreases by 0.5–1.8% in most parts of India in the premonsoon season (Mar–May). Our results quantify the vulnerability in terms of seasonal transition in all-cause mortality risks due to PM₁₀ exposure at district level for the first time in India.

中文翻译：

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印度PM ₁₀暴露的季节性变化及相关的全因死亡率风险

在高空间分辨率下缺乏一致的PM ₁₀（颗粒物质小于10μm）数据库阻碍了印度对PM ₁₀的环境影响的评估。在这里，我们提出了另一种方法来估计PM ₁₀数据库。表面的气溶胶消光系数是根据MERRA-2再分析数据的中可见气溶胶光学深度，使用CALIOP的垂直特征曲线计算得出的，然后使用气溶胶特性信息和微物理数据转换为PM ₁₀质量。对回收的PM ₁₀进行偏差校正，并根据在中央污染控制委员会网络下维护的一致的地面数据进行评估（R ² = 0.85）。下午在72.3％的地区中，有_10次暴露超出印度年度空气质量标准。从季风（6月至9月）到季风后季节（10月至11月）的PM ₁₀暴露过渡期比受污染的印度-恒河盆地（IGB）高了1％至2％的全因死亡率。相对于季风季节，冬季（12月至2月），IGB中部至东部和印度中部的死亡率风险增加，德里国家首都地区的死亡率风险降低。在季风季节（3月至5月），印度大部分地区的死亡率风险降低了0.5％至1.8％。我们的研究结果在印度首次确定了因区域性PM ₁₀暴露而导致的全因死亡率风险的季节性转变方面的脆弱性。