Lower educational attainment is associated with increased rates of smoking, but ascertaining causality is challenging. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses of summary statistics to examine whether educational attainment is causally related to smoking.

中文翻译：

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调查教育与吸烟之间的因果关系：双样本孟德尔随机化研究

受教育程度较低与吸烟率增加有关，但确定因果关系具有挑战性。我们使用两个样本的孟德尔随机化 (MR) 汇总统计分析来检验受教育程度是否与吸烟存在因果关系。