Living materials are an emergent material class, infused with the productive, adaptive, and regenerative properties of living organisms. Property regulation in living materials requires encoding responsive units in the living components to allow external manipulation of their function. Here, an optoregulated Escherichia coli (E. coli)‐based living biomaterial that can be externally addressed using light to interact with mammalian cells is demonstrated. This is achieved by using a photoactivatable inducer of gene expression and bacterial surface display technology to present an integrin‐specific miniprotein on the outer membrane of an endotoxin‐free E. coli strain. Hydrogel surfaces functionalized with the bacteria can expose cell adhesive molecules upon in situ light‐activation, and trigger cell adhesion. Surface immobilized bacteria are able to deliver a fluorescent protein to the mammalian cells with which they are interacting, indicating the potential of such a bacterial material to deliver molecules to cells in a targeted manner.

中文翻译：

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迈向光调节活性生物材料

生命材料是一种新兴的材料类别，充满了生物体的生产性、适应性和再生特性。生物材料的性质调节需要对生物成分中的响应单元进行编码，以允许对其功能进行外部操纵。在这里，展示了一种基于光调节大肠杆菌（E. coli）的活生物材料，可以使用光从外部寻址以与哺乳动物细胞相互作用。这是通过使用基因表达的光激活诱导剂和细菌表面展示技术在无内毒素大肠杆菌菌株的外膜上呈现整合素特异性小蛋白来实现的。用细菌功能化的水凝胶表面可以在原位光激活下暴露细胞粘附分子，并引发细胞粘附。表面固定化细菌能够将荧光蛋白递送至与其相互作用的哺乳动物细胞，这表明这种细菌材料具有以靶向方式将分子递送至细胞的潜力。