Lactose malabsorption and intolerance: a review,Food & Function

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Lactose malabsorption and intolerance: a review
Food & Function ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-29 , DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00555a
Santiago Ugidos-Rodríguez _{1,

2,

3,

4} , María Cruz Matallana-González _{1,

2,

3,

4} , María Cortes Sánchez-Mata _{1,

2,

3,

4}

Affiliation

Food lactose and lactose intolerance are today hot topics in the field of food and nutrition. About 70% of the adult world population is lactose-intolerant, due to low levels of intestinal lactase, also called lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), a β-D-galactosidase found in the apical surface of the intestinal microvilli. This may be due to the loss of intestinal lactase in adulthood, a condition transmitted by an autosomal recessive gene, which differs in humans according to race. According to the cultural-historical hypothesis, the mutation that allows the metabolization of lactose appeared about 10 000 years ago in the inhabitants of Northern Europe where mammalian milk continued in the diet after weaning, and lactase-persistent populations were genetically selected in some areas. Many intolerant individuals can tolerate low levels of lactose in their daily diet. Probiotics have also been proposed as an alternative that could avoid some symptoms of lactose intolerance. Many products are marketed nowadays as alternatives to dairy products for lactose-intolerant individuals. However, the rules for low-lactose foods are currently not harmonised in the European Union. As scientific knowledge on lactose intolerance has notably advanced in recent decades, the aim of this work was to review the current state of the knowledge on lactose and lactose intolerance, its diagnosis and clinical management, and the various food products that are offered specifically for non-tolerant individuals.

中文翻译：

乳糖吸收不良和不耐受：综述

饮食中的乳糖和乳糖不耐症是当今食品和营养领域的热门话题。由于肠内乳糖酶水平低，也称为乳糖酶-苯丙氨酸水解酶（LPH），一种β- D，全世界成年人口中约有70％是乳糖不耐症的-半乳糖苷酶存在于肠道微绒毛的根尖表面。这可能是由于成年期肠内乳糖酶的丧失所致，这是常染色体隐性基因所传播的疾病，在人类中，种族之间存在差异。根据文化历史假说，允许乳糖代谢的突变出现在大约一万年前的北欧居民中，在那里，断奶后的饮食中继续存在哺乳动物的乳汁，并且在某些地区从遗传上选择了乳糖酶持久性种群。许多不耐症的人在日常饮食中可以忍受低水平的乳糖。还提出了益生菌作为替代品，可以避免乳糖不耐症的某些症状。如今，许多产品作为乳糖不耐受者的乳制品替代品销售。然而，目前，欧盟对低乳糖食品的规定尚未统一。随着近几十年来关于乳糖不耐症的科学知识的显着发展，这项工作的目的是回顾关于乳糖和乳糖不耐症的知识，诊断和临床管理以及专门为非乳糖提供的各种食品的知识的现状。宽容的个体。

更新日期：2018-08-15

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