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Lipids as integral components in mussel adhesion†
Soft Matter ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-28 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00509e Yunhong He 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Chengjun Sun 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , Fenghua Jiang 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , Bo Yang 4, 5, 9 , Jingxi Li 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , Chao Zhong 5, 10, 11, 12 , Li Zheng 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , Haibing Ding 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Soft Matter ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-28 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00509e Yunhong He 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Chengjun Sun 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , Fenghua Jiang 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , Bo Yang 4, 5, 9 , Jingxi Li 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , Chao Zhong 5, 10, 11, 12 , Li Zheng 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , Haibing Ding 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
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Lipids are fundamental components of cells in organisms. Recent studies reveal that lipids are also present in cell-free bioadhesives. Examples include barnacle cement, sea star footprints, hairy and smooth pads of insects and gecko setae. Whether reliance on lipids is universal in bioadhesion is not known. In the present study, we demonstrated, for the first time, the involvement of lipids in mussel adhesion. We extracted, identified and localized lipids in the byssal threads. The lipids were confirmed as fatty acids by gas chromatograpy mass spectrometry. δ13C measurements of the fatty acids in the byssus were also conducted. Results show that byssal fatty acids, with concentrations ranging from 1.10–2.51 mg g−1 by thread dry weight depending on the mussel species, are localized both on the surface of and inside the byssal thread and plaque. Over half of the fatty acids were loosely attached to the surface while a small portion were tightly bound to the byssus. Most of the surface fatty acids disappear within a week of thread deposition. δ13C values of byssal fatty acids show isotope fractionation suggesting that thread fatty acids are derived from the foot. It is possible that fatty acids are key players in expelling water and preparing the substrate surface for adhesion. Using lipids in the adhesion process might be a common strategy for organisms in need of temporary or permanent attachment. The process of lipid participation may be as important as adhesive components for developing more efficient man-made glues.
中文翻译：
脂质是贻贝粘附中不可或缺的组成部分†
脂质是生物体细胞的基本成分。最近的研究表明，脂质也存在于无细胞生物粘合剂中。例如藤壶水泥，海星脚印，昆虫和壁虎刚毛的毛茸茸和光滑的垫层。尚不清楚在生物粘附中是否普遍依赖脂质。在本研究中，我们首次证明了脂质与贻贝的粘附有关。我们提取，鉴定和定位在基底线中的脂质。通过气相色谱质谱法确认脂质为脂肪酸。还对比苏中的脂肪酸进行了δ13C测量。结果表明，海带脂肪酸的浓度范围为1.10–2.51 mg g -1取决于贻贝的种类，线干的干重分布在底线和牙菌斑的表面和内部。一半以上的脂肪酸松散地附着在表面上，而一小部分则紧密地附着在囊底上。大多数表面脂肪酸在线沉积一周后消失。byssal脂肪酸的δ13C值显示出同位素分馏，表明线型脂肪酸来源于脚。脂肪酸可能是驱水和准备基材表面粘附的关键因素。对于需要临时或永久附着的生物，在粘附过程中使用脂质可能是一种常见策略。脂质参与的过程与开发更有效的人造胶所用的胶粘剂成分一样重要。
更新日期：2018-06-28
中文翻译：
脂质是贻贝粘附中不可或缺的组成部分†
脂质是生物体细胞的基本成分。最近的研究表明，脂质也存在于无细胞生物粘合剂中。例如藤壶水泥，海星脚印，昆虫和壁虎刚毛的毛茸茸和光滑的垫层。尚不清楚在生物粘附中是否普遍依赖脂质。在本研究中，我们首次证明了脂质与贻贝的粘附有关。我们提取，鉴定和定位在基底线中的脂质。通过气相色谱质谱法确认脂质为脂肪酸。还对比苏中的脂肪酸进行了δ13C测量。结果表明，海带脂肪酸的浓度范围为1.10–2.51 mg g -1取决于贻贝的种类，线干的干重分布在底线和牙菌斑的表面和内部。一半以上的脂肪酸松散地附着在表面上，而一小部分则紧密地附着在囊底上。大多数表面脂肪酸在线沉积一周后消失。byssal脂肪酸的δ13C值显示出同位素分馏，表明线型脂肪酸来源于脚。脂肪酸可能是驱水和准备基材表面粘附的关键因素。对于需要临时或永久附着的生物，在粘附过程中使用脂质可能是一种常见策略。脂质参与的过程与开发更有效的人造胶所用的胶粘剂成分一样重要。
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