Spatially tailored pseudo-magnetic fields (PMFs) can give rise to pseudo-Landau levels and the valley Hall effect in graphene. At an experimental level, it is highly challenging to create the specific strain texture that can generate PMFs over large areas. Here, we report that superposing graphene on multilayer black phosphorus creates shear-strained superlattices that generate a PMF over an entire graphene–black phosphorus heterostructure with edge size of tens of micrometres. The PMF is intertwined with the spatial period of the moiré pattern, and its spatial distribution and intensity can be modified by changing the relative orientation of the two materials. We show that the emerging pseudo-Landau levels influence the transport properties of graphene–black phosphorus field-effect transistor devices with Hall bar geometry. The application of an external magnetic field allows us to enhance or reduce the effective field depending on the valley polarization with the prospect of developing a valley filter.

在空间上定制的伪磁场（PMF）可以在石墨烯中产生伪兰道能级和谷霍尔效应。在实验水平上，创建可以在大面积上生成PMF的特定应变纹理非常具有挑战性。在这里，我们报道了在多层黑磷上叠加石墨烯会产生剪切应变的超晶格，该超晶格在整个石墨烯-黑磷异质结构上产生PMF，边缘尺寸为数十微米。PMF与莫尔图案的空间周期交织在一起，可以通过改变两种材料的相对方向来修改其空间分布和强度。我们表明，新兴的伪朗道能级影响具有霍尔棒几何形状的石墨烯-黑磷场效应晶体管器件的传输特性。