Abstract Satellite-based rainfall products (SRPs) are nowadays available at ever increasing accuracy and higher spatial and temporal resolution with respect to the past. Despite this, they are scarcely used in hydrological modeling. The main reasons may be related to: 1) the large bias characterizing satellite precipitation estimates, which is dependent on rainfall intensity and the season, 2) the relatively large spatial/temporal resolution with respect to the applications, 3) the timeliness, which is often insufficient for operational purposes, and 4) a general (often not justified) skepticism of the hydrological community in the use of satellite products for land applications. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of using SRPs to force a lumped hydrologic model – MISDc – over 15 basins in the Mediterranean area with different sizes and physiographic characteristics. Specifically, TMPA 3B42-RT, CMORPH, PERSIANN and a new soil moisture-derived rainfall datasets, SM2RAINCCI, obtained through the application of SM2RAIN algorithm ( Brocca et al., 2014 ) to ESA CCI soil moisture product are used in the analysis. The performances obtained with the selected SRPs are compared with those obtained from a ground-based rainfall product (E-OBS). In addition, the performance obtained by an integration of the SRPs is investigated to see whether merged rainfall observations are able to improve flood simulations. The results highlight that SRPs provide relatively low performances when used to force MISDc model with respect to the case where ground observations are used. Worst results are obtained in smaller basins (

中文翻译：

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用于驱动水文模型的卫星降水估计有多可靠：地中海地区的验证研究

摘要 与过去相比，基于卫星的降雨产品 (SRP) 现在具有不断提高的精度和更高的空间和时间分辨率。尽管如此，它们很少用于水文建模。主要原因可能与：1) 表征卫星降水估计的大偏差，这取决于降雨强度和季节，2) 相对于应用的相对较大的空间/时间分辨率，3) 及时性，即通常不足以用于操作目的，以及 4) 水文界对卫星产品用于陆地应用的普遍（通常没有正当理由）持怀疑态度。本研究的目的是探讨使用 SRP 强制建立集总水文模型 – MISDc – 超过地中海地区 15 个不同大小和地貌特征的盆地的可行性。具体而言，分析中使用了 TMPA 3B42-RT、CMORPH、PERSIANN 以及通过将 SM2RAIN 算法（Brocca 等，2014）应用于 ESA CCI 土壤水分产品而获得的新的土壤水分衍生降雨数据集 SM2RAINCCI。将使用选定 SRP 获得的性能与从地面降雨产品 (E-OBS) 获得的性能进行比较。此外，还研究了通过 SRP 集成获得的性能，以查看合并的降雨观测是否能够改进洪水模拟。结果突出显示，在使用地面观测的情况下，当用于强制 MISDc 模型时，SRP 提供相对较低的性能。在较小的盆地获得最差的结果（