Differential selectivity of the direct arylation of indole with aryl halides under competing and noncompeting conditions with a varying set of reaction parameters was determined using phase trajectories. The results described herein allow for conclusions to be drawn regarding the character of active complexes (cationic, neutral, or anionic) as well as realization of the indole electrophilic substitution in the catalytic cycle using the ligand-free catalytic system.

中文翻译：

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使用差异选择性测量技术对吲哚进行直接丙烯酸化的机理研究：研究活性物种并揭示亲电取代在催化循环中的关键作用

使用相轨迹，确定了在竞争条件和非竞争条件下，使用一组不同的反应参数，吲哚与芳基卤化物直接芳基化的差异选择性。本文所述的结果允许得出关于活性配合物（阳离子，中性或阴离子）的特征以及在使用无配体的催化体系的催化循环中实现吲哚亲电子取代的结论。