Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) are vital members of the soil environment. Because of their sensitivity to many contaminants, monitoring earthworm metabolism may be a useful indicator of environmental stressors. Here, metabolic profiles of exposure to five chloroacetanilide herbicides and one enantiomer (acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, racemic metolachlor, S-metolachlor, and propachlor) are observed in earthworm coelomic fluid using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Multiblocked-orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (MB-OPLS-DA) and univariate analysis were used to identify metabolic perturbations in carnitine biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Intriguingly, stereospecific metabolic responses were observed between racemic metolachlor and S-metolachlor exposed worms. These findings support the utility of coelomic fluid in monitoring metabolic perturbations induced by chloroacetanilide herbicides in nontarget organisms and reveal specificity in the metabolic impacts of herbicide analogues in earthworms.

中文翻译：

---

使用¹ H NMR和GC-MS分析worm腔速溶液中的氯乙酰苯胺类除草剂的代谢谱

（（Eisenia fetida）是土壤环境的重要组成部分。由于their对许多污染物的敏感性，因此监测metabolism的代谢可能是环境压力源的有用指示。在这里，使用质子核磁共振波谱（NMR）和气相色谱-质谱法，在earth腔流体中观察到了暴露于五种氯乙酰苯胺除草剂和一种对映异构体（乙草胺，丙草胺，丁草胺，外消旋甲草胺，S-甲草胺和丙草胺）的代谢谱。光谱仪（GC-MS）。多元正交正交偏最小二乘判别分析（MB-OPLS-DA）和单变量分析用于确定肉碱生物合成，碳水化合物代谢，脂质代谢，氮代谢和三羧酸循环中的代谢扰动。有趣的是 在外消旋的异丙甲草胺和暴露于异丙甲草胺的蠕虫之间观察到立体定向代谢反应。这些发现支持腔积液在监测非靶标生物中由氯乙酰苯胺除草剂引起的代谢扰动中的效用，并揭示了herb中除草剂类似物的代谢影响的特异性。