Sphingolipids are ubiquitous and abundant components of all eukaryotic and some prokaryotic organisms. Sphingolipids show a large structural variety not only between the different species, but also within an individual cell. This variety is not limited to alterations in the polar headgroups of e.g. glycosphingolipids, but also affects the lipophilic anchors comprised of different fatty acids on the one hand and different sphingoid bases on the other hand. The structural variations within different sphingoid bases e.g. in pathogens can be used to identify novel biomarkers and drug targets and the specific change in the profile of common and uncommon sphingolipids are associated with pathological conditions like diabetes or cancer. Therefore, the emerging field of sphingolipidomics is dedicated to collect data on the sphingolipidome of a cell and hence to assign changes therein to certain states of a cell or to pathological conditions. This powerful tool however is still limited by the availability of structural information about the individual lipid species as well as by the availability of appropriate internal standards for quantification. Herein we describe the synthesis of a variety of 1-deoxy-sphingoid bases. 1-DeoxySphingolipids have recently acquired significant attention due to its pathological role in the rare inherited neuropathy, HSAN1 but also as predictive biomarkers in diabetes type II. Some of the compounds synthesized and characterized herein, have been used and will be used to elucidate the correct structure of these disease-related lipids and their metabolites.

鞘脂是所有真核生物和某些原核生物中普遍存在的丰富组成部分。鞘脂不仅在不同物种之间而且在单个细胞内都显示出很大的结构多样性。该品种不仅限于例如鞘糖脂的极性头基的改变，而且一方面影响由不同脂肪酸组成的亲脂性锚，另一方面影响由不同鞘氨醇碱基组成的亲脂性锚。例如在病原体中的不同鞘氨醇碱基内的结构变异可用于鉴定新的生物标志物和药物靶标，并且常见和不常见鞘脂的概况的特定变化与诸如糖尿病或癌症的病理状况相关。所以，鞘脂血症的新兴领域致力于收集细胞鞘脂组的数据，从而将其中的变化分配给细胞的某些状态或病理状况。但是，这种强大的工具仍然受到有关单个脂质种类的结构信息的可用性以及适用于定量的内部标准的限制。在本文中，我们描述了各种1-脱氧-鞘氨醇碱的合成。1-脱氧鞘脂由于其在罕见的遗传性神经病HSAN1中的病理作用，而且还作为II型糖尿病的预测性生物标志物，最近获得了广泛的关注。已经使用了本文合成和表征的某些化合物，并将用于阐明这些与疾病相关的脂质及其代谢产物的正确结构。