Fiber lasers are convenient for studying extreme and rare events, such as rogue waves, thanks to the lasers’ fast dynamics. Indeed, several types of rogue wave patterns were observed in fiber lasers at different time-scales: single peak, twin peak, and triple peak. We measured the statistics of these ultrafast rogue wave patterns with a time lens and developed a numerical model proving that the patterns of the ultrafast rogue waves were generated by the non-instantaneous relaxation of the saturable absorber together with the polarization mode dispersion of the cavity. Our results indicate that the dynamics of the saturable absorber is directly related to the dynamics of ultrafast extreme events in lasers.

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光纤激光器中的超快速流氓波型

光纤激光器具有快速的动态特性，非常适合研究极端事件和稀有事件，例如流氓波。实际上，在光纤激光器中，在不同的时间尺度上观察到了几种流氓波型：单峰，双峰和三峰。我们用时间透镜测量了这些超快速流浪图的统计数据，并建立了一个数值模型，证明了超快速流浪图是由饱和吸收体的非瞬时弛豫以及腔体的偏振模色散所产生的。我们的结果表明，可饱和吸收体的动力学与激光器中超快极端事件的动力学直接相关。