Annual Review of Biochemistry ( IF 12.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-20 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012624 Ian M. Willis 1, 2 , Robyn D. Moir 1
RNA polymerase (Pol) III has a specialized role in transcribing the most abundant RNAs in eukaryotic cells, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), along with other ubiquitous small noncoding RNAs, many of which have functions related to the ribosome and protein synthesis. The high energetic cost of producing these RNAs and their central role in protein synthesis underlie the robust regulation of Pol III transcription in response to nutrients and stress by growth regulatory pathways. Downstream of Pol III, signaling impacts posttranscriptional processes affecting tRNA function in translation and tRNA cleavage into smaller fragments that are increasingly attributed with novel cellular activities. In this review, we consider how nutrients and stress control Pol III transcription via its factors and its negative regulator, Maf1. We highlight recent work showing that the composition of the tRNA population and the function of individual tRNAs is dynamically controlled and that unrestrained Pol III transcription can reprogram central metabolic pathways.
中文翻译:
往返RNA聚合酶III转录和加工设备的信号
RNA聚合酶(Pol)III在转录真核细胞中最丰富的RNA,转移RNA(tRNA)以及其他普遍存在的小型非编码RNA方面具有特殊作用,其中许多具有与核糖体和蛋白质合成相关的功能。生产这些RNA的高昂能量成本及其在蛋白质合成中的核心作用,是通过生长调节途径响应营养物和胁迫而对Pol III转录进行强有力的调节的基础。在Pol III的下游,信号传导影响转录后过程,从而影响tRNA在翻译中的功能以及将tRNA切割成较小的片段,这些片段越来越多地被赋予新的细胞活性。在这篇综述中,我们考虑了养分和压力如何通过其因子和其负调控因子Maf1控制Pol III转录。