Clinically approved cancer therapies include small molecules, antibodies, and nanoparticles. There has been major progress in the treatment of several cancer types over recent decades. However, many challenges remain for optimal use of conventional and nanoparticle-based therapies in oncology including poor drug delivery, rapid clearance, and drug resistance. The antimalarial agent chloroquine has been found to mitigate some of these challenges by modulating cancer cells and the tissue microenvironment. Particularly, chloroquine was recently found to reduce immunological clearance of nanoparticles by resident macrophages in the liver, leading to increased tumor accumulation of nanodrugs. Additionally, chloroquine has been shown to improve drug delivery and efficacy through normalization of tumor vasculature and suppression of several oncogenic and stress-tolerance pathways, such as autophagy, that protect cancer cells from cytotoxic agents. This review will discuss the use of chloroquine as combination therapy to improve cancer treatment.

临床批准的癌症疗法包括小分子，抗体和纳米粒子。近几十年来，在几种癌症类型的治疗方面取得了重大进展。然而，在肿瘤学中常规和基于纳米颗粒的疗法的最佳使用仍然存在许多挑战，包括药物递送不良，清除速度快和耐药性。已经发现抗疟药氯喹通过调节癌细胞和组织微环境来减轻其中的一些挑战。特别地，最近发现氯喹降低了肝脏中驻留的巨噬细胞对纳米颗粒的免疫清除，从而导致纳米药物在肿瘤中的积累增加。此外，氯喹已被证明可通过使肿瘤血管正常化并抑制多种致癌和胁迫耐受性途径（例如自噬）来改善药物的输送和功效，这些途径可保护癌细胞免受细胞毒性剂的侵害。这篇综述将讨论使用氯喹作为联合疗法以改善癌症治疗。