The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a new energy technology to convert mechanical energy into electricity based on contact charging and electrostatic induction. To increase the effective power generation in a limited device size, micro-/nano-textures are often designed at the contact surfaces. As the contact region decreases to micro/nano scale, adhesive forces such as van der Waals and electrostatic forces become dominant. However, there is currently no comprehensive model including micro-/nano-textures and the above adhesive forces, and thus the selection and design of textures are still lack of theoretical guidance. In this paper, the numerical contact and electrical models considering van der Waals and electrostatic forces are established, and the computational methods such as inexact Newton method, bi-conjugate stabilized (Bi-CGSTAB) method and fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique are employed to quantitatively analyze the effects of charge densities, applied loads, texture shapes and sizes on both contact and electrical performance. It is shown that the electrostatic force can be ignored when the charge density is small, while with large charge density, the electrical performance is significantly overestimated if the electrostatic forces are neglected. Among the four selected types of textures (pyramid, cone, cylinder and cube), the pyramid and cube textures are found to provide the larger output voltage under different applied loads, and also the optimal sizes for high voltage are presented, respectively. This study can provide the guideline for the texture design of high power generation TENGs.

摩擦电纳米发电机（TENG）是一项新的能源技术，可基于接触充电和静电感应将机械能转化为电能。为了在有限的设备尺寸中增加有效的发电量，经常在接触表面设计微/纳米纹理。随着接触区域减小到微米/纳米级，诸如范德华力和静电力的粘合力成为主导。但是，目前还没有包括微观/纳米纹理和上述粘合力在内的综合模型，因此纹理的选择和设计仍缺乏理论指导。本文建立了考虑范德华力和静电力的数值接触和电学模型，并提出了不精确牛顿法，采用双共轭稳定（Bi-CGSTAB）方法和快速傅立叶变换（FFT）技术定量分析电荷密度，施加的载荷，织构形状和尺寸对接触和电性能的影响。结果表明，当电荷密度较小时，静电力可以忽略不计；而对于较大的电荷密度，如果忽略静电力，则电气性能会大大高估。在四种选定的纹理类型（金字塔，圆锥体，圆柱体和立方体）中，发现金字塔和立方体纹理在不同的施加负载下可提供更大的输出电压，并且分别给出了高电压的最佳尺寸。该研究可以为大功率TENGs的纹理设计提供指导。