This review summarizes early human brain development on the basis of neuroanatomical data and functional connectomics. It indicates that the most significant changes in the brain occur during the second half of gestation and the first three months post-term, in particular in the cortical subplate and cerebellum. As the transient subplate pairs a high rate of intricate developmental changes and interactions with clear functional activity, two phases of development are distinguished: a) the transient cortical subplate phase, ending at 3 months post-term when the permanent circuitries in the primary motor, somatosensory and visual cortices have replaced the subplate; and subsequently, b) the phase in which the permanent circuitries dominate. In the association areas the subplate dissolves in the remainder of the first postnatal year. During both phases developmental changes are paralleled by continuous reconfigurations in network activity. The reviewed literature also suggests that disruption of subplate development may play a pivotal role in developmental disorders, such as cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia.

这篇综述总结了基于神经解剖学数据和功能性连接学的早期人类大脑发育。这表明大脑的最大变化发生在妊娠的下半年和足月后的前三个月，特别是在皮质亚板和小脑中。由于短暂的亚板配对具有复杂的发育变化和交互作用，并且具有清晰的功能活动，因此具有两个显着的发展阶段：a）短暂的皮质亚板阶段，该阶段在足月3个月结束，即初级电动机中的永久性电路；体感和视觉皮层已经取代了底板。随后，b）永久电路占主导的阶段。在交往区域，亚板在产后第一年的剩余时间内溶解。在这两个阶段中，网络活动的不断重新配置与发展变化并驾齐驱。综述的文献还表明，亚板发育的破坏可能在发育性疾病如脑性瘫痪，自闭症谱系障碍，注意缺陷多动障碍和精神分裂症中起关键作用。