Abstract Spatial and temporal influences on the winter (December-March) stormflow characteristics of fifteen United States Geological Survey (USGS)-gaged watersheds in the Southern Blue Ridge Mountains are identified: (1) watershed-scale differences in geomorphology; (2) continental-scale teleconnections during periods of wetness/dryness (based on the relative amount of winter precipitation over a consistent 20 year dataset); and (3) land cover in the context of soil parent material (e.g., development on alluvium/colluvium). Multiple regression was used to determine how much variance could be explained in five hydrologic variables describing the flashiness of peak flow (three original metrics), total seasonal flashiness (Richards Baker flashiness index), and the ratio of total winter stormflow to total discharge (the stormflow index). Models were constrained to three uncorrelated (|0.65|) variables to prevent overfitting to the dataset. Average-, dry-, and wet-years were subset using the z-scores for winter precipitation derived from the 4 km monthly PRISM (Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model) dataset, for the period of 1986–2006. Relief, slope, and landscape connectivity explain the majority of explained variance in all five of the hydrologic variables during all time periods. During dry-, average-, and wet-years, atmospheric circulation patterns (i.e., North Atlantic Oscillation and Pacific/North American Pattern) explain more variance than total seasonal precipitation (PRISM), which is not true in the majority of the all-years models. Land cover explains only a small portion of the variance in regional stormflow and only when sub-divided based on soil parent material. Results provide a framework for connecting watershed-scale characteristics to regional- and continental-scale processes.

中文翻译：

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流域到大陆尺度对南蓝岭山脉冬季风暴流的影响

摘要 确定了对南蓝岭山脉 15 个美国地质调查局 (USGS) 测量流域冬季（12 月至 3 月）风暴流特征的时空影响：（1）流域尺度地貌差异；(2) 湿润/干燥时期的大陆尺度遥相关（基于一致的 20 年数据集中的冬季降水的相对量）；(3) 土壤母质背景下的土地覆盖（例如，冲积层/崩积层上的开发）。使用多元回归来确定在描述峰值流量的闪烁度（三个原始指标）、总季节性闪烁度（Richards Baker 闪烁度指数）以及冬季风暴总流量与总流量之比（三个原始指标）的五个水文变量中可以解释多少方差。风暴流指数）。模型被限制为三个不相关 (|0.65|) 变量，以防止过度拟合数据集。1986-2006 年期间，使用从 4 公里每月 PRISM（独立坡度模型的参数高程关系）数据集得出的冬季降水的 z 分数，将平均年、旱年和雨年作为子集。地势、坡度和景观连通性解释了所有时间段内所有五个水文变量的大部分解释差异。在干旱年、平均年和湿润年，大气环流模式（即北大西洋涛动和太平洋/北美模式）比总季节性降水（PRISM）解释了更多的变化，这在大多数情况下并非如此-年模型。土地覆盖仅解释了区域暴雨流量变化的一小部分，并且仅在根据土壤母质进行细分时才可以解释。结果提供了将流域尺度特征与区域和大陆尺度过程联系起来的框架。