Several novel materials were synthesized by precipitating iron oxide (using the previously optimized 10% Fe loading by weight) onto mixtures of nanoparticle zirconia and ceria to investigate the effects of adding CeO₂ to FeO_x/ZrO₂ materials in the thermochemical water splitting reaction. At water splitting temperatures of 1000 °C (after thermal reduction at 1450 °C), the stability of the CeO₂-containing materials was lower than for the FeO_x/ZrO₂ material, and there was no advantage to adding CeO₂ to the FeO_x/ZrO₂ material. However, when operating at a water splitting (WS) temperature of 1200 °C, the stability increased and the hydrogen production was significantly higher over most materials compared with a water splitting temperature of 1000 °C. At a WS temperature of 1200 °C the FeO_x/Zr₇₅Ce₂₅O₂ (75% Zr₇₅O₂ and 25% CeO₂ by weight) and FeO_x/Zr₅₀Ce₅₀O₂ materials performed slightly better than the FeO_x/ZrO₂ material, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data revealed that the surface concertation of iron is less important compared with water splitting at 1000 °C. The temperature programmed reduction data indicated that the FeO_x-CeO₂ interactions were weaker compared with FeO_x-ZrO₂ interactions, since the FeO_x reduction occurred at lower temperatures for the CeO₂-containing materials. The weaker interactions can explain why the stability was lower for the materials containing CeO₂ (sintering of FeO_x was likely more pronounced) The X-ray diffraction data revealed that ZrO₂-CeO₂ solid solutions formed after activation at 1450 °C and lattice volume calculations indicated that iron did incorporate into the ZrO₂-CeO₂ matrices. More incorporation was observed after water-splitting at 1200 °C compared with a lower temperature (1000 °C), and likely explains why the materials were more stable during water-splitting at 1200 °C.

通过将氧化铁沉淀（使用先前优化的10％重量的Fe负载）到纳米氧化锆和二氧化铈的混合物上来合成几种新型材料，以研究在FeO _x / ZrO ₂材料中添加CeO ₂在热化学水分解反应中的作用。在1000℃（在1450℃下热还原后）的水分解的温度下，铈的稳定性₂含材料比为FeO的下_X /的ZrO ₂材料，并没有优势的CeO加入₂到FeO _x / ZrO ₂材料。但是，当在1200°C的水分解（WS）温度下操作时，与1000°C的水分解温度相比，大多数材料的稳定性提高，并且氢气产生量显着更高。在WS温度为1200°C时，FeO _x / Zr ₇₅ Ce ₂₅ O ₂（按重量计75％Zr ₇₅ O ₂和25％CeO ₂）和FeO _x / Zr ₅₀ Ce ₅₀ O ₂材料的性能略好于FeO。_x / ZrO ₂材料和X射线光电子能谱数据显示，与在1000°C下进行水分解相比，铁的表面协调作用不那么重要。程序升温还原数据表明，FeO _x -CeO _2的相互作用比FeO _x -ZrO _2的相互作用弱，因为FeO _x的还原发生在含CeO ₂的材料较低的温度下。较弱的相互作用可以解释为什么含CeO ₂的材料的稳定性较低（FeO _x的烧结可能更明显）。X射线衍射数据表明ZrO ₂ -CeO ₂在1450°C活化后形成的固溶体和晶格体积计算表明，铁确实掺入了ZrO ₂ -CeO ₂基质中。与较低的温度（1000°C）相比，在1200°C的水分解后观察到更多的掺入，这可能解释了为什么在1200°C的水分解过程中材料更稳定。