Introduction: Obesity in asthmatic patients has important relationships with asthma control, pulmonary function, and quality of life. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the effect of diet on asthma management in adults. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus (January 1948–October 2014) for randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effects of diet in adults with asthma. Results: Of 12,215 studies identified, 21 were included. A reduction in weight of at least 7.5% from baseline as a result of caloric restriction can be beneficial for improving disease control, quality of life, and pulmonary function in obese patients with asthma. A dietary pattern rich in foods with potential antioxidant effect had an impact in improving asthma control, but with little clinical significance. Studies involving antioxidant supplementation showed improvements in asthma control with magnesium supplementation and less decline in lung function with vitamin C supplementation. Studies of fatty acid supplementation demonstrated effects on weight loss and improvement of asthma control and lung function. Studies of supplementation with propolis and caffeine reported significant increases in FEV1. Conversely, studies of high dietary salt intake reported greater declines in lung function. Conclusions: The evidence shows that, for obese adults with asthma, the best dietary intervention seems to be caloric restriction, regardless of specific dietary components.

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饮食在哮喘治疗中的作用：系统评价

简介：哮喘患者的肥胖与哮喘控制，肺功能和生活质量具有重要关系。这项研究的目的是对饮食对成人哮喘治疗的影响进行系统的文献综述。方法：我们在PubMed，Embase和Scopus（1948年1月至2014年10月）中搜索了随机临床试验，评估饮食对成年哮喘的影响。结果：在鉴定的12,215项研究中，包括21项。由于热量限制，体重比基线减轻至少7.5％有助于改善肥胖哮喘患者的疾病控制，生活质量和肺功能。富含可能具有抗氧化作用的食物的饮食模式对改善哮喘控制有影响，但临床意义不大。涉及抗氧化剂补充的研究表明，补充镁可以改善哮喘控制，而补充维生素C可以减少肺功能下降。补充脂肪酸的研究表明对减肥和改善哮喘控制和肺功能有影响。蜂胶和咖啡因补充剂的研究表明FEV1显着增加。相反，高饮食盐摄入量的研究表明，肺功能下降更大。结论：证据表明，对于肥胖的哮喘成年人，最佳的饮食干预似乎是热量限制，而不管特定的饮食成分如何。补充脂肪酸的研究证明了减肥对改善哮喘控制和肺功能的作用。蜂胶和咖啡因补充剂的研究表明FEV1显着增加。相反，高饮食盐摄入量的研究表明，肺功能下降更大。结论：证据表明，对于肥胖的哮喘成年人，最佳的饮食干预似乎是热量限制，而不管特定的饮食成分如何。补充脂肪酸的研究表明对减肥和改善哮喘控制和肺功能有影响。蜂胶和咖啡因补充剂的研究表明FEV1显着增加。相反，高饮食盐摄入量的研究表明，肺功能下降更大。结论：证据表明，对于肥胖的哮喘成年人，最佳的饮食干预似乎是热量限制，而不论特定的饮食成分如何。