Currently, the growing demand on quick, easy and ecological sample pretreatment methods is unquestionable. Such challenge involves also approaches focusing on the analysis of pharmaceuticals and other endogenous compounds in biological matrices, termed as Bioanalysis.

Solvent extraction such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), derived liquid phase microextraction (LPME) and related approaches such as solid liquid extraction (SLE), proved to be applicable in bioanalysis, as numerous papers have been published in this field. However, their manual performances may suffer from a long-term and laborious preparation, due to the inherent complexity of the biological samples. A high sample-throughput (enabling measurement of tens or hundreds of samples on a daily basis) can be achieved when automation of sample pretreatment is performed, resulting in decreased imprecision and low waste production of hazardous solvents and risky biological materials. Here, robotic systems have a key role, especially when multiple processing (e.g., 96-well plate format) and coupling to modern analytical instrumentation (e.g. LC-MS) are combined.

A thorough overview on the up-to-date automations of LLE, LPME, SLE and solid LLE via robotics, is therefore presented. Pharmaceuticals and related compounds determined in classical liquid biological samples (i.e. plasma/serum, whole blood, urine, saliva etc.) and modern dried matrix spots (DMS) were considered as analytes of interest. The methodologies were critically compared to manual setups and among themselves.

当前，对快速，简便和生态样品预处理方法的需求不断增长。此类挑战还涉及专注于生物基质中药物和其他内源性化合物分析的方法，称为生物分析。

液-液萃取（LLE），衍生液相微萃取（LPME）等溶剂萃取以及固液萃取（SLE）等相关方法被证明可用于生物分析，因为该领域已发表了许多论文。然而，由于生物样品固有的复杂性，它们的手工演奏可能需要长期且费力的准备。当自动进行样品预处理时，可以实现高样品通量（每天可测量数十或数百个样品），从而减少了不精确性，降低了危险溶剂和危险生物材料的产生率。在这里，机器人系统起着关键作用，尤其是在多重处理（例如96孔板格式）并耦合到现代分析仪器（例如

因此，将全面介绍通过机器人技术对LLE，LPME，SLE和固态LLE进行自动化的最新信息。在经典液体生物样品（即血浆/血清，全血，尿液，唾液等）和现代干燥基质斑点（DMS）中测定的药物和相关化合物被视为目标分析物。严格地将这些方法与手动设置以及它们之间进行了比较。