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Time Trends of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Antarctic Biota
ACS Omega ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-19 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00440 Erin Markham 1 , Emily K. Brault 2 , Mohammed Khairy 1 , Anna R. Robuck 1 , Michael E. Goebel 3 , Mark G. Cantwell 4 , Rebecca M. Dickhut 2 , Rainer Lohmann 1
ACS Omega ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-19 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00440 Erin Markham 1 , Emily K. Brault 2 , Mohammed Khairy 1 , Anna R. Robuck 1 , Michael E. Goebel 3 , Mark G. Cantwell 4 , Rebecca M. Dickhut 2 , Rainer Lohmann 1
Affiliation
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are “emerged” contaminants that were produced and used as flame retardants in numerous consumer and industrial applications for decades until banned. They remain ubiquitously present in the environment today. Here, a unique set of >200 biotic samples from the Antarctic was analyzed for PBDEs, including phytoplankton, krill, fish, and fur seal milk, spanning several sampling seasons over 14 years. PBDE-47 and -99 were the dominant congeners determined in all samples, constituting >60% of total PBDEs. A temporal trend was observed for ∑7PBDE concentrations in fur seal milk, where concentrations significantly increased (R2 = 0.57, p < 0.05) over time (2000–2014). Results for krill and phytoplankton also suggested increasing PBDE concentrations over time. Trends of PBDEs in fur seal milk of individual seals sampled 1 or more years apart showed no clear temporal trends. Overall, there was no indication of PBDEs decreasing in Antarctic biota yet, whereas numerous studies have reported decreasing trends in the northern hemisphere. Similar PBDE concentrations in perinatal versus nonperinatal milk implied the importance of local PBDE sources for bioaccumulation. These results indicate the need for continued assessment of contaminant trends, such as PBDEs, and their replacements, in Antarctica.
中文翻译：
南极生物区系中多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）的时间趋势
多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）是“新兴”污染物，数十年来一直被生产并在许多消费和工业应用中用作阻燃剂，直到被禁止。它们在当今的环境中仍然无处不在。在这里，分析了一组来自南极的200多种独特的生物样品中的多溴二苯醚，包括浮游植物，磷虾，鱼类和海狗奶，跨越了14年的几个采样季节。PBDE-47和-99是所有样品中确定的主要同源物，占总PBDEs的> 60％。观察到海狗奶中∑ 7 PBDE浓度存在时间趋势，其中浓度显着增加（R 2 = 0.57，p<0.05）（2000-2014）。磷虾和浮游植物的结果还表明，随着时间的推移，多溴二苯醚的浓度增加。间隔1年或更长时间采样的海狗的海狗乳汁中多溴二苯醚的趋势没有明显的时间趋势。总体而言，尚无迹象表明南极生物群中的多溴二苯醚减少，而许多研究报告说北半球的减少趋势。围产期和非围产期牛奶中的PBDE浓度相似，这表明本地PBDE来源对于生物蓄积的重要性。这些结果表明，需要继续评估南极洲的污染物趋势，例如多溴二苯醚及其替代物。
更新日期：2018-06-19
中文翻译：
南极生物区系中多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）的时间趋势
多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）是“新兴”污染物，数十年来一直被生产并在许多消费和工业应用中用作阻燃剂，直到被禁止。它们在当今的环境中仍然无处不在。在这里，分析了一组来自南极的200多种独特的生物样品中的多溴二苯醚，包括浮游植物，磷虾，鱼类和海狗奶，跨越了14年的几个采样季节。PBDE-47和-99是所有样品中确定的主要同源物，占总PBDEs的> 60％。观察到海狗奶中∑ 7 PBDE浓度存在时间趋势，其中浓度显着增加（R 2 = 0.57，p<0.05）（2000-2014）。磷虾和浮游植物的结果还表明，随着时间的推移，多溴二苯醚的浓度增加。间隔1年或更长时间采样的海狗的海狗乳汁中多溴二苯醚的趋势没有明显的时间趋势。总体而言，尚无迹象表明南极生物群中的多溴二苯醚减少，而许多研究报告说北半球的减少趋势。围产期和非围产期牛奶中的PBDE浓度相似，这表明本地PBDE来源对于生物蓄积的重要性。这些结果表明，需要继续评估南极洲的污染物趋势，例如多溴二苯醚及其替代物。
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