The field of molecular electrocatalysis research includes a wide range of emerging technologies that utilize molecular catalysts to catalyze anodic and/or cathodic reactions within a fuel‐cell setup, and has developed greatly in the last 10 years. Although the vast majority of fuel cells utilize noble metals as catalysts, several systems have been recently developed that are based on molecular catalysts. The focus here is on the integration of molecular catalysts in a fuel‐cell setup, which is contextualized, and which is named as “fuel‐cell‐based molecular‐type catalysts” here. The latter utilize a wide variety of chemical compounds, such as organometallics and organic or bioinspired compounds, to harvest chemical energy to generate current. Here, the state‐of‐the‐art for all molecular catalysts that convert chemical energy in a fuel‐cell setup is discussed and a novel classification system is presented to illustrate how molecular catalysts integrate into the broad field of fuel cells. The current performance of molecular catalysts in systems that use different fuels is summarized, and finally, for the first time, the achievable power outputs of fuel cells using uniquely molecular catalysts are presented.

中文翻译：

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燃料电池技术中分子型催化剂的设计与集成

分子电催化研究领域包括广泛的新兴技术，这些技术利用分子催化剂催化燃料电池装置中的阳极和/或阴极反应，并且在过去十年中取得了长足的发展。尽管绝大多数燃料电池使用贵金属作为催化剂，但是最近已经开发了几种基于分子催化剂的系统。这里的重点是分子催化剂在燃料电池装置中的集成，这是上下文相关的，在这里被称为“基于燃料电池的分子类型催化剂”。后者利用各种化学化合物（例如有机金属化合物和有机或生物启发性化合物）来收集化学能以产生电流。这里，讨论了在燃料电池装置中转换化学能的所有分子催化剂的最新技术，并提出了一种新颖的分类系统，以说明分子催化剂如何整合到燃料电池的广阔领域中。总结了使用不同燃料的系统中分子催化剂的当前性能，最后，首次提出了使用独特分子催化剂的燃料电池可实现的功率输出。