GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE3/Shaggy-like kinases (GSKs) represent a highly conserved group of proteins found in all eukaryotes. In plants they are encoded by multigene families and integrate signaling of brassinosteroids, auxin and abscisic acid in wide range of physiological and developmental processes with a strong impact on plant responses to environmental and biotic factors. Based on comprehensively studied structures of 10 Arabidopsis thaliana GSK genes and encoded proteins we report identification and phylogenetic reconstruction of 7 transcriptionally active GSK genes in barley. We re-evaluated annotation of the GSK genes in the current barley genome (Hv_IBSC_PGSB_v2) and provided data that a single gene annotated in the previous barley genome ensemble should be retained in the current one. The novel structure of another GSK, predicted in Hv_IBSC_PGSB_v2 to encode both GSK and amine oxidase domains, was proposed and experimentally confirmed based on the syntenic region in Brachypodium distachyon. The genes were assigned to 4 groups based on their encoded amino acid sequences and protein kinase domains. The analysis confirmed high level of conservation of functional protein domains and motifs among plant GSKs and the identified barley orthologs. Each of the seven identified HvGSK genes was expressed indicating semi-constitutive regulation in all tested organs and developmental stages. Regulation patterns of GSKs from the indicated groups showed a shift in organ-preferential expression in A. thaliana and barley illustrating diversification of biological roles of individual HvGSKs in different plant species.

糖原合成酶激酶 3/Shaggy 样激酶 (GSK) 代表所有真核生物中发现的一组高度保守的蛋白质。在植物中，它们由多基因家族编码，并在广泛的生理和发育过程中整合油菜素类固醇、生长素和脱落酸的信号传导，对植物对环境和生物因素的反应产生强烈影响。基于对 10 个拟南芥 GSK基因和编码蛋白结构的全面研究，我们报告了大麦中 7 个转录活性GSK基因的鉴定和系统发育重建。我们重新评估了当前大麦基因组 (Hv_IBSC_PGSB_v2) 中GSK基因的注释，并提供了数据表明，先前大麦基因组中注释的单个基因应保留在当前基因组中。在 Hv_IBSC_PGSB_v2 中预测编码 GSK 和胺氧化酶结构域的另一种GSK的新结构是基于二穗短柄草的同线性区域提出并通过实验证实的。根据编码的氨基酸序列和蛋白激酶结构域，这些基因被分为 4 组。分析证实了植物 GSK 和已鉴定的大麦直向同源物之间功能蛋白结构域和基序的高度保守性。七个已鉴定的HvGSK基因中的每一个均得到表达，表明所有测试器官和发育阶段中的半组成型调节。来自指定组的GSK的调节模式显示A中器官优先表达的转变。拟南芥和大麦说明了不同植物物种中单个HvGSK的生物学作用的多样化。