This paper reports a systematic study on the formation of particulate matter with diameter of <10 µm (i.e., PM₁₀) during the combustion of two formulated water-soluble fractions (FWSFs) of bio-oil in a drop-tube-furnace (DTF) at 1400 °C under air or oxyfuel (30%O₂/70%CO₂) conditions. FWSF-1 was an organic-free calcium chloride solution with a calcium concentration similar to that in the bio-oil. FWSF-2 was formulated from the compositions of major organics in bio-oil WSF, doped with calcium chloride at the same concentration. The results suggest that similar to bio-oil combustion, the FWSF combustion produces mainly particulate matter with diameter of between 0.1 and 10 µm (i.e., PM_0.1–10). Since there are no combustibles in the organic-free FWSF-1, the PM is produced via droplet evaporation followed by crystallization, fusion and further reactions to form CaO (in air or argon) or partially CaCO₃ (under oxyfuel condition). With the addition of organics, FWSF-2 combustion produces PM₁₀ shifting to smaller sizes due to extensive break up of droplets via microexplosion. Sprays with larger droplet size produce PM₁₀ with increased sizes. The results show that upon cooling CaO produced during combustion in air can react with HCl gas to form CaCl₂ in PM_0.1. The predicted PSDs of PM₁₀ based on the assumption that one droplet produces one PM particle is considerably larger than experimentally-measured PSDs of PM₁₀ during the combustion of FWSFs, confirming that breakup of spray droplets takes place and such breakup is extensive for FWSF-2 when organics are present in the fuel.

本文报告了在滴管式炉（DTF）中燃烧生物油的两个配制的水溶性馏分（FWSF）期间形成直径小于10 µm（即PM ₁₀）的颗粒物的系统研究。）在1400°C的空气或含氧燃料（30％O ₂ /70％CO ₂）条件下。FWSF-1是一种不含有机物的氯化钙溶液，其钙浓度与生物油中的钙浓度相似。FWSF-2由生物油WSF中主要有机物的成分配制而成，并以相同浓度掺杂氯化钙。结果表明，与生物油燃烧相似，FWSF燃烧主要产生直径在0.1至10 µm之间的颗粒物（即PM _{0.1–10）。}）。由于不含有机物的FWSF-1中没有可燃物，因此可通过液滴蒸发，随后的结晶，熔融和进一步反应生成CaO（在空气或氩气中）或部分CaCO ₃（在含氧燃料条件下）来生产PM 。通过添加有机物，FWSF-2燃烧产生的PM _10会由于微爆炸使液滴大量分解而变成较小的颗粒。较大液滴尺寸的喷雾可产生尺寸增大的PM ₁₀。结果表明，冷却后，在空气中燃烧产生的CaO可以与HCl气体反应，在PM _0.1中形成CaCl ₂。PM ₁₀的预测PSD基于这样的假设：在FWSF燃烧过程中，一个液滴产生一个PM颗粒比PM ₁₀实验测量的PSD ₁₀ PSD大得多，这证实了雾滴会发生分解，并且当有机物存在于FWSF-2中时，这种分解对于FWSF-2而言是广泛的。燃料。