Zinc Oxide is an important and multi-purpose material in various industries due to its particular chemical and physical properties. Discovering a cheap, fast, clean, safe, and easy to use method, to synthesize this oxide nanoparticle has attracted a lot of attention in recent applications. The unique properties of the microwave and its special heating capabilities have yielded desirable outcomes by combining different synthesis methods. In the recent years, the vast majority of studies focus on the microwave-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. This review article attempts to go over the recent advancements on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles with the aid of microwave, different morphologies and applications obtained by this method. Various microwave-assisted synthesis methods are classified, including the solution-based methods such as hydrothermal, sol-gel, and combustion methods. Morphology of the nanoparticles can affect the properties, and subsequently, applications of these nanoparticles. On the other hand, there is great diversity of morphological and synthesis conditions of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Thus, categorizing the synthesis techniques and providing features of them, facilitates the selection of appropriate method for designing new hierarchical structures with potential properties for future applications. Also it is endeavored to focus on the formation mechanisms of these methods. Finally, the various morphologies obtained under microwave radiation and their formation mechanisms are discussed and the effective factors in the synthesis are analyzed and presented. The potential and suitable fields of development and progress in the future studies are also proposed.

中文翻译：

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微波辅助合成ZnO纳米结构及其形貌，生长机理和分类

氧化锌由于其特殊的化学和物理特性，在各种行业中都是重要的多用途材料。发现廉价，快速，清洁，安全且易于使用的方法来合成该氧化物纳米颗粒在最近的应用中引起了很多关注。通过结合不同的合成方法，微波的独特性能及其特殊的加热能力已产生了令人满意的结果。近年来，绝大多数研究集中于微波辅助合成氧化锌纳米粒子。这篇综述文章试图回顾借助微波合成氧化锌纳米粒子的最新进展，不同形态和通过这种方法获得的应用。分类了各种微波辅助合成方法，包括基于溶液的方法，例如水热法，溶胶-凝胶法和燃烧法。纳米颗粒的形态会影响这些纳米颗粒的性质以及随后的应用。另一方面，氧化锌纳米粒子的形态和合成条件存在很大差异。因此，对合成技术进​​行分类并提供其功能，有助于选择合适的方法来设计具有潜在特性的新层次结构，以供将来应用。另外，致力于这些方法的形成机理。最后，讨论了在微波辐射下获得的各种形态及其形成机理，并分析和提出了合成中的有效因素。