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Separative Refining of Coals through Solvolytic Extraction under Milder Conditions: A Review
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-15 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00345 Durlubh Kumar Sharma 1 , Heena Dhawan 1
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-15 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00345 Durlubh Kumar Sharma 1 , Heena Dhawan 1
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Not only cleaning but refining of coal has become an area of utmost importance both industrially and academically because of stringent environmental norms being imposed globally for arresting the climate change. However, coal is a polluting fuel, therefore, there is a grave need of deep refining of coal to obtain ashless coal for increasing its efficiency of utilization in order to minimize its impact on environment. The presence of ash in coal also greatly reduces the coal utility because of its deleterious effect on the boiler parts and gasification equipment. Solvent extraction (organo-refining) techniques produce Super Clean Coal (SCC) or Ultra Clean Coal (UCC) with almost zero ash content. The utilization of the SCC in the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Power Generation would increase the availability of this otherwise efficient and cleaner coal technology. Research work on different processes of solvent extraction of coal under varying conditions of temperature, pressure, and the nature of the solvent used and other parameters, their effect on the extraction yield have been discussed presently. Extraction of coal under milder ambient pressure conditions is desirable as this affords the recovery of coal without its fractionation, structural dislocations, or changes. The effect of the use of single solvent, mixture of two solvents (of solvent and cosolvent), i.e., synergism in enhancing the extraction yield under milder atmospheric pressure conditions have been reviewed. Utilization of high boiling solvents and coal derived solvents along with successive sequential solvent extractions for obtaining the enhanced extraction yields mainly under ambient pressure conditions have been discussed in the present paper. Hypercoal production under high pressure conditions, its characteristics, and utilization have also been described. Use of ionic liquids as potential solvents for coal extraction (especially of lignites) has also been discussed. Physical and chemical pretreatments greatly enhance the coal solvent extraction yield. Different potential uses of SCC such as in production of carbon nanotubes as a super clean fuel dust for car engines, synthesis of chemicals, etc. have been discussed. Separate discussion on nanotechnology of coals as related to solvent extraction of coal has also been included presently.
中文翻译：
温和条件下溶剂分解法分离提纯煤的研究进展
由于在全球范围内为遏制气候变化而实施了严格的环境规范，因此不仅在工业上还是在学术上，煤炭的清洁和提炼都已成为最重要的领域。然而，煤是一种污染性燃料，因此，迫切需要对煤进行深度精炼以获得无灰煤，以提高其利用效率，以最大程度地减少其对环境的影响。煤中灰分的存在还大大降低了煤的利用率，因为它对锅炉部件和气化设备具有有害作用。溶剂萃取（有机精炼）技术可产生灰分几乎为零的超净煤（SCC）或超净煤（UCC）。SCC在整体气化联合循环（IGCC）发电中的利用将增加这种高效而清洁的煤炭技术的可用性。目前讨论了煤在不同温度，压力，所用溶剂的性质和其他参数条件下不同溶剂萃取工艺的研究工作，以及它们对萃取收率的影响。希望在较温和的环境压力条件下提取煤，因为这样可以回收煤而不会发生分馏，结构错位或变化的情况。在温和的大气压条件下，已经研究了使用单一溶剂，两种溶剂（溶剂和助溶剂）的混合物，即协同作用在提高提取率方面的效果。本文讨论了利用高沸点溶剂和煤衍生的溶剂以及相继的顺序溶剂萃取来获得主要在环境压力条件下提高的萃取产率的方法。还描述了高压条件下的高煤生产，其特性和利用。还讨论了使用离子液体作为潜在的煤提取溶剂（尤其是褐煤）。物理和化学预处理大大提高了煤溶剂的提取率。已经讨论了SCC的不同潜在用途，例如在碳纳米管的生产中用作汽车发动机的超净燃料粉尘，化学物质的合成等。目前还包括与煤的溶剂萃取有关的煤纳米技术的单独讨论。
更新日期：2018-06-16
中文翻译：
温和条件下溶剂分解法分离提纯煤的研究进展
由于在全球范围内为遏制气候变化而实施了严格的环境规范，因此不仅在工业上还是在学术上，煤炭的清洁和提炼都已成为最重要的领域。然而，煤是一种污染性燃料，因此，迫切需要对煤进行深度精炼以获得无灰煤，以提高其利用效率，以最大程度地减少其对环境的影响。煤中灰分的存在还大大降低了煤的利用率，因为它对锅炉部件和气化设备具有有害作用。溶剂萃取（有机精炼）技术可产生灰分几乎为零的超净煤（SCC）或超净煤（UCC）。SCC在整体气化联合循环（IGCC）发电中的利用将增加这种高效而清洁的煤炭技术的可用性。目前讨论了煤在不同温度，压力，所用溶剂的性质和其他参数条件下不同溶剂萃取工艺的研究工作，以及它们对萃取收率的影响。希望在较温和的环境压力条件下提取煤，因为这样可以回收煤而不会发生分馏，结构错位或变化的情况。在温和的大气压条件下，已经研究了使用单一溶剂，两种溶剂（溶剂和助溶剂）的混合物，即协同作用在提高提取率方面的效果。本文讨论了利用高沸点溶剂和煤衍生的溶剂以及相继的顺序溶剂萃取来获得主要在环境压力条件下提高的萃取产率的方法。还描述了高压条件下的高煤生产，其特性和利用。还讨论了使用离子液体作为潜在的煤提取溶剂（尤其是褐煤）。物理和化学预处理大大提高了煤溶剂的提取率。已经讨论了SCC的不同潜在用途，例如在碳纳米管的生产中用作汽车发动机的超净燃料粉尘，化学物质的合成等。目前还包括与煤的溶剂萃取有关的煤纳米技术的单独讨论。
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