The treatment of a real pharmaceutical production wastewater by electrolysis using three-dimensional electrodes (3D electrolysis), ozonation, and their combined process (3D/O₃) was investigated in this study. The pharmaceutical wastewater was characterized by a high organic concentration (total organic carbon (TOC) of 13,475 mg/L) and high acute toxicity (100% inhibition of the luminescent bacterial Vibrio fischeri). After 6 h treatment, ∼23% and 43% of TOC could be removed from the pharmaceutical wastewater by individual ozonation and the 3D electrolysis process using granular activated carbon (GAC) as the particle electrodes, respectively. However, the acute toxicity of the wastewater was hardly reduced by the two individual processes. In comparison, by sparging the ozone generator effluent (oxygen and ozone gas mixture) in the three-dimensional electrode reactor, the 3D/O₃ process considerably enhanced TOC abatement to ∼71% and reduced the inhibition of the luminescent bacterial to <70% in Microtox bioassays. These improvements can be mainly attributed to the enhanced hydroxyl radical (OH) production in the 3D/O₃ process via several reaction mechanisms, e.g., the reaction of sparged O₃ with in situ generated H₂O₂, the electrochemical reduction of O₃, and GAC catalyzed O₃ decomposition, which in turn enhanced the oxidation of organics in the bulk and those adsorbed onto the GAC particle electrodes. The results of this study indicate that there exists a synergistic effect between 3D electrochemical process and ozonation for the degradation of toxic organics in the pharmaceutical wastewater. Compared with the two individual processes, the 3D/O₃ process can thus provide a more effective option for the treatment of high-strength pharmaceutical wastewater.

本研究研究了使用三维电极电解（3D电解），臭氧化及其联合工艺（3D / O ₃）处理真正的制药生产废水的方法。制药废水的特征在于高有机浓度（总有机碳（TOC）为13,475 mg / L）和高急性毒性（对发光细菌费氏弧菌有100％的抑制作用）。处理6小时后，通过单独的臭氧化和使用颗粒活性炭（GAC）作为颗粒电极的3D电解工艺，可以分别从制药废水中去除约23％和43％的TOC。然而，通过两个单独的过程几乎不能降低废水的急性毒性。相比之下，通过将臭氧发生器的流出物（氧气和臭氧气体混合物）喷入三维电极反应器中，3D / O ₃工艺可将TOC减排量显着提高至〜71％，并将对发光细菌的抑制作用降低至<70％在Microtox生物测定中。这些改进主要归因于3D / O _3中增强的羟基自由基（OH）产生通过多种反应机理进行反应，例如，鼓泡的O ₃与原位生成的H ₂ O ₂的反应，O ₃的电化学还原以及GAC催化的O ₃分解，这反过来又增强了本体中的有机物和那些有机物的氧化。吸附到GAC颗粒电极上。这项研究的结果表明，在3D电化学过程和臭氧化处理之间，协同作用可降解制药废水中的有毒有机物。与两个单独的过程相比，3D / O ₃过程可以为处理高强度制药废水提供更有效的选择。