Electrochemical impedance is a powerful tool in the investigation of electrochemical systems. It obtains kinetic information of an interfacial process in the vicinity of a stable state by applying a low‐amplitude sinusoidal potential‐modulation signal on the stable (may not be completely at equilibrium) potential, and from the responding current signal, the kinetic information can be obtained. Here, the fundamental impedance responses of the common electrochemical processes, e.g., double‐layer, charge transfer, and diffusion are introduced with respect to energy‐storage systems. The impedance response of porous electrodes and the transmission‐line model are emphasized. Numerical fitting and simulation through an equivalent circuit are reviewed with the examples of the electrodes used in batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells.

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电化学阻抗及其在储能系统中的应用

电化学阻抗是研究电化学系统的有力工具。通过在稳定（可能不完全处于平衡）电势上施加低幅正弦势调制信号，可以获得稳定状态附近界面过程的动力学信息，并且可以从响应电流信号中获得动力学信息。获得。这里，针对能量存储系统，介绍了常见电化学过程的基本阻抗响应，例如双层，电荷转移和扩散。强调了多孔电极的阻抗响应和传输线模型。通过用于电池，超级电容器和燃料电池的电极示例，回顾了通过等效电路进行的数值拟合和仿真。