The Billings reservoir is the largest water-storage facility in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, with only a small part of the reservoir used for water supply. Recently, the São Paulo Metropolitan Region has experienced the greatest water collapse ever recorded. Thus, the intensification of use of the Billings reservoir should be considered. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of the water from different areas of the Billings reservoir related to human consumption (water supply and fishing): Rio Pequeno, Rio Grande, and Bororé rivers. We performed microbiological and physical studies on one water sample collected at each of these sites. Adult zebrafish were exposed to such water samples and their behaviors were evaluated. Finally, we studied central glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, which is related to neuroinflammatory processes. Water samples from Rio Pequeno, Rio Grande, and Bororé presented microbiological contamination for Escherichia coli and heterotrophic bacteria. Water from the Rio Pequeno river induced both motor/exploratory impairments and anxiogenic-like behavior in zebrafish. Water from the Bororé river induced behaviors in zebrafish related to respiratory impairments (hypoxia) as well as higher alarm reaction. Zebrafish exposed to water from the Bororé also presented astrogliosis, which seems to have happened in detrimental of the high heterotrophic bacterial contamination. Rio Grande and Bororé water increased the lethality rates. Considering the present results of microbiological contaminants and behavior impairments, lethality, as well as astrogliosis in zebrafish, the water from Rio Pequeno, Rio Grande, and Bororé rivers should be considered unacceptable for human use in their untreated state. The Basic Sanitation Company of the State of Sao Paulo should consider adopting rigorous processes of microbiological water treatment. Authorization for fishing at Bororé river should be reconsidered.

比林斯水库是圣保罗大城市地区最大的储水设施，仅一小部分用于供水。最近，圣保罗大都市地区经历了有史以来最大的水灾。因此，应考虑加强比林斯水库的使用。这项研究的目的是评估比灵斯水库与人类消费（供水和捕鱼）有关的不同地区的水质：里约佩克诺河，里奥格兰德河和Bororé河。我们对在每个站点收集的一个水样进行了微生物和物理研究。成年斑马鱼暴露于此类水样中，并对其行为进行了评估。最后，我们研究了中央神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达，这与神经炎症过程有关。来自里约热内卢佩奇诺，里奥格兰德州和波罗莱的水样显示出微生物污染大肠杆菌和异养细菌。里约热内卢河的水在斑马鱼中既引起运动/探索障碍，又引起类似焦虑的行为。来自Bororé河的水导致斑马鱼的行为与呼吸功能障碍（缺氧）以及更高的警报反应有关。暴露于来自Bororé的水中的斑马鱼也出现了星状胶质增生，这似乎是对高异养细菌污染的不利影响。里约格兰德河和Bororé水增加了致死率。考虑到目前对斑马鱼中微生物污染物和行为损害，致死性以及星形胶束化的结果，来自里约佩克诺河，里奥格兰德河和Bororé河的水在未经处理的情况下不宜被人类使用。圣保罗州基本卫生公司应考虑采用严格的微生物水处理工艺。应该重新考虑在Bororé河钓鱼的授权。