The current study was carried out to investigate the role of exogenous sulphur (K₂SO₄: S; 60 mg S kg⁻¹ sand) and calcium (CaCl₂: Ca; 250 mg Ca kg⁻¹ sand) individually as well as in combination (S + Ca) in ameliorating the inhibitory effect of As (Na₂HAsO₄·7H₂O: As₁; 15 mg As kg⁻¹ sand and As₂; 30 mg As kg⁻¹ sand) by analyzing biomass accumulation, mineral nutrients uptake, photosynthetic pigments content, redox status of the cell, enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense system in Brassica juncea L. seedlings. Biomass accumulation, uptake of mineral nutrients, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) content and the activity of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) declined with increasing accumulation of As in root as well as leaves in As dose dependent manner. Contrary to this, exogenous application of S, Ca and S + Ca, markedly reduced the negative impact of As on above captioned traits except ProDH activity. On the other hand, ROS and their biomarkers (superoxide radical; O₂˙ˉ, hydrogen peroxide; H₂O_2, malondialdehyde; MDA equivalents content and membrane damage; electrolyte leakage), activities of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase; SOD, peroxidase; POD, catalase; CAT and glutathione-S-transferase; GST) and non-enzymatic antioxidant i.e. proline (Pro) content and its enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase; P5CS activity were increased in root and leaves under As stress. While, exogenous application of S, Ca and S + Ca, further enhanced the activities of above mentioned enzymes and Pro content thereby causing considerable reduction in O₂˙ˉ, H₂O₂, MDA equivalents content and electrolyte leakage. This study suggests that exogenous application of S and/or Ca efficiently (particularly S + Ca) lowered the negative impact of As on biomass accumulation in Brassica seedlings by improving the uptake of essential mineral nutrients’, content of photosynthetic pigments, activities of enzymatic and content of non-enzymatic antioxidants.

当前的研究是分别研究外源硫（K ₂ SO ₄：S； 60 mg S kg ^-1沙子）和钙（CaCl ₂：Ca； 250 mg Ca kg ^-1沙子）的作用以及在水中的作用。 （S + Ca）组合通过分析生物量积累来改善As（Na ₂ HAsO ₄ ·7H ₂ O：As ₁； 15 mg As kg ^-1砂和As ₂； 30 mg As kg ^-1砂）的抑制作用，芥菜中矿质养分的吸收，光合色素的含量，细胞的氧化还原状态，酶促和非酶促防御系统 L.幼苗。生物量积累，矿质养分的吸收，光合色素（叶绿素a，b和类胡萝卜素）的含量以及脯氨酸脱氢酶（ProDH）的活性随As和As在根部和叶片中的积累而呈剂量依赖性降低。与此相反，外源施用S，Ca和S + Ca可以显着降低As对上述字幕性状（ProDH活性除外）的负面影响。另一方面，ROS及其生物标记（超氧自由基； O2˙ˉ，过氧化氢； H ₂ O _2，丙二醛； MDA当量含量和膜破坏；电解质泄漏），酶活性（超氧化物歧化酶； SOD，过氧化物酶； POD） ，过氧化氢酶； CAT和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶；GST）和非酶抗氧化剂，即脯氨酸（Pro）含量及其酶吡咯啉5-羧酸酯合成酶；在As胁迫下，根和叶中的P5CS活性增加。同时，外源施用S，Ca和S + Ca进一步提高了上述酶的活性和Pro含量，从而导致O ₂，H ₂ O ₂，MDA当量含量和电解质泄漏的显着降低。这项研究表明，有效地施用S和/或Ca（特别是S + Ca）可通过改善对必需矿质养分的吸收，光合色素的含量，酶和酶的活性，降低As对甘蓝型油菜幼苗生物量积累的负面影响。非酶类抗氧化剂的含量。