The hierarchical porous germanium/reduced graphene oxide (Ge/rGO) microspheres are synthesized through an industrially scalable spray drying technique using commercial germanium dioxide (GeO₂) as raw material. The Ge/rGO microspheres architecture with Ge nanoparticles homogeneously embedded in the three-dimensional (3D) interconnected conductive rGO network. When employed as anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the as-obtained Ge/rGO microspheres exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with a high reversible capacity (811 mAh g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles), ultra-long cycling life (over 80% capacity retention from the 6th to 1000^th cycles at 1 C), and high rate capability (380 mAh g⁻¹ at 20 C). In addition, the full cell consisting of Ge/rGO-2 anode and LiFePO₄ cathode also delivers good cycling stability with high energy density. The 3D conductive rGO network provides the pathway for electron transportation and promotes to form stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Furthermore, the void space deduced from the porous structure can effectively accommodate volume changes and enhance the structural integrity of Ge/rGO microspheres. This facile and scalable synthetic strategy is beneficial for large-scale production of Ge-based electrode materials for further application in high energy and power density LIBs.

分级多孔锗/还原氧化石墨烯（Ge / rGO）微球是通过工业上可扩展的喷雾干燥技术，使用商业二氧化锗（GeO ₂）为原料合成的。具有Ge纳米粒子的Ge / rGO微球结构均匀地嵌入到三维（3D）互连导电rGO网络中。当用作锂离子电池（LIB）的阳极时，所获得的Ge / rGO微球表现出出色的电化学性能，具有高可逆容量（1000次循环后为811 mAh g ^-1），超长循环寿命（容量超过80％）在1 C下从第6到^第1000^个循环保留）和高倍率能力（380 mAh g ^-1在20 C）。此外，由Ge / rGO-2阳极和LiFePO ₄阴极组成的完整电池还具有良好的循环稳定性和高能量密度。3D导电rGO网络为电子传输提供了途径，并促进形成稳定的固体电解质相间（SEI）层。此外，由多孔结构推导出的空隙空间可以有效地适应体积变化并增强Ge / rGO微球的结构完整性。这种简便且可扩展的合成策略有利于大规模生产Ge基电极材料，以便进一步应用于高能量和功率密度的LIB。