High-density lipoprotein (HDL) serves as a natural nanoparticle with compositional and functional heterogeneity and contributes to the maintenance of lipid metabolism and various biological functions. HDL also transports endogenous microRNAs, vitamins, hormones, and proteins through blood and interstitial fluids to various organs. These unique and diverse features of HDL have encouraged its applications for the transport of therapeutics and diagnostic reagents in the last decade. In this review, we describe the heterogeneous characteristics and biological functions of HDL and highlight HDL mimetic approaches, including apolipoprotein mimetic peptides and reconstituted HDL nanoparticles. Given the potential of HDL as a nanocarrier delivering various therapeutic agents, we discuss the current representative studies of HDL mimetic nanotherapeutics for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and analyze the current challenges and future perspective.

高密度脂蛋白（HDL）是具有组成和功能异质性的天然纳米颗粒，有助于维持脂质代谢和各种生物学功能。HDL还通过血液和组织液将内源性microRNA，维生素，激素和蛋白质转运到各个器官。在过去的十年中，HDL的这些独特而多样的功能鼓励了其在治疗剂和诊断试剂的运输中的应用。在这篇综述中，我们描述了HDL的异质性和生物学功能，并重点介绍了HDL模拟方法，包括载脂蛋白模拟肽和重组HDL纳米颗粒。鉴于HDL作为提供各种治疗剂的纳米载体的潜力，