Abstract This study investigated the chemical characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted from industrial boilers, each utilizing one of five fuels, including solid (coal, wood), liquid (heavy oil, diesel) and gas (natural gas) phase. The investigated boilers are abbreviated as CFBs, WFBs, HOFBs, DFBs and NGFBs respectively. A field sampling campaign was conducted to collect both filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM) samples using USEPA Method 201A and Method 202 respectively. Mass concentrations and chemical compositions (including carbon contents, water-soluble ions and metal elements) of the collected PM2.5 samples were analyzed. PM2.5 (FPM + CPM) emission concentrations for CFBs, WFBs, HOFBs, DFBs and NGFBs were found to be 46.6 ± 6.43, 122 ± 54.7, 191 ± 68.5, 7.94 and 7.37 ± 3.29 mg/Nm3 respectively. Results suggest that OC was dominant in the flue gas of solid fuel (CFBs and WFBs) combustion, and high EC emitted from liquid fuel (HOFBs and DFBs) combustion for FPM. Inorganic fraction accounted for more than 50% of total CPM for solid- (CFBs and WFBs) and gas-fuel (NGFBs) boilers, whereas organic fraction was mainly composed in total CPM for liquid-fuel (HOFBs and DFBs) boilers. The contents of water-soluble ions (SO42−, NO3−, NH4+ and Cl−) were significantly enriched in PM2.5. Na, Ca and K were predominant in CPM for all types of boilers.

中文翻译：

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使用五种不同燃料的工业锅炉排放的可过滤和可冷凝 PM 2.5 的化学特性

摘要 本研究调查了工业锅炉排放的细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 的化学特性，每一种都使用五种燃料中的一种，包括固体（煤、木材）、液体（重油、柴油）和气体（天然气）相. 被调查的锅炉分别缩写为CFBs、WFBs、HOFBs、DFBs和NGFBs。进行了现场采样活动，分别使用 USEPA 方法 201A 和方法 202 收集可过滤颗粒物 (FPM) 和可冷凝颗粒物 (CPM) 样品。分析了收集到的 PM2.5 样品的质量浓度和化学成分（包括碳含量、水溶性离子和金属元素）。发现 CFB、WFB、HOFB、DFB 和 NGFB 的 PM2.5 (FPM + CPM) 排放浓度为 46.6 ± 6.43、122 ± 54.7、191 ± 68.5、7.94 和 7.37 ± 3。分别为 29 毫克/标准立方米。结果表明，固体燃料（CFBs 和 WFBs）燃烧的烟气中 OC 占主导地位，而 FPM 的液体燃料（HOFBs 和 DFBs）燃烧产生的高 EC 排放。无机部分占固体（CFB 和 WFB）和气体燃料（NGFB）锅炉总 CPM 的 50% 以上，而有机部分主要构成液体燃料（HOFB 和 DFB）锅炉的总 CPM。PM2.5 中水溶性离子（SO42-、NO3-、NH4+ 和Cl-）的含量显着富集。Na、Ca 和 K 在所有类型锅炉的 CPM 中占主导地位。无机部分占固体（CFB 和 WFB）和气体燃料（NGFB）锅炉总 CPM 的 50% 以上，而有机部分主要构成液体燃料（HOFB 和 DFB）锅炉的总 CPM。PM2.5 中水溶性离子（SO42-、NO3-、NH4+ 和Cl-）的含量显着富集。Na、Ca 和 K 在所有类型锅炉的 CPM 中占主导地位。无机部分占固体（CFB 和 WFB）和气体燃料（NGFB）锅炉总 CPM 的 50% 以上，而有机部分主要构成液体燃料（HOFB 和 DFB）锅炉的总 CPM。PM2.5 中水溶性离子（SO42-、NO3-、NH4+ 和Cl-）的含量显着富集。Na、Ca 和 K 在所有类型锅炉的 CPM 中占主导地位。