Abstract Entrained fraction is one of the essential parameters needed for the prediction of frictional pressure drop and efficient design of downstream facilities. In the literature, there are very few entrained fraction datasets focused on low liquid loading flows, and even less datasets obtained from high pressure systems. This paper provides experimental entrained fraction data for low liquid loading gas-oil flows in a 100-mm diameter horizontal PVC and carbon steel pipe. High-density sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas and Exxsol D60 oil are used as the fluid phases to mimic actual field conditions. Superficial gas and oil velocities are varied between 5 m/s to 15 m/s and 1 mm/s to 7 mm/s, respectively. Local drop flux along the vertical diameter of the pipe cross-section is measured using the isokinetic sampling approach. Effects of several parameters such as system pressure (gas density), gas and liquid flow rates, and pipe material on the entrained fraction are studied. As expected, the entrained fraction increases with either the gas density or the gas velocity. The effect of liquid flow rate on the entrainment is not obvious; results show either a constant level or a decrease in entrainment with an increase in liquid flow rate, depending on the gas flow rate. The measurements conducted using two different pipe materials (PVC and carbon steel) demonstrated that surface material can cause significant differences in the entrainment. Therefore, the near-wall film behavior will have considerable influence on the entrainment mechanism, especially when the thickness of the liquid film becomes very thin. Finally, this paper also provides an evaluation of the existing correlations and/or models available in the literature against the acquired entrainment data using the high-density gas test facility.

中文翻译：

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使用高密度气体在两相、低液体负载、水平管流中测量液滴通量

摘要 夹带分数是预测摩擦压降和有效设计下游设施所需的基本参数之一。在文献中，很少有专注于低液体负载流量的夹带分数数据集，从高压系统获得的数据集甚至更少。本文提供了直径为 100 毫米的水平 PVC 和碳钢管中低液体负荷瓦斯油流的实验夹带分数数据。高密度六氟化硫 (SF6) 气体和 Exxsol D60 油被用作模拟实际现场条件的流体相。表观气速和油速分别在 5 m/s 至 15 m/s 和 1 mm/s 至 7 mm/s 之间变化。使用等速采样方法测量沿管道横截面垂直直径的局部液滴通量。研究了系统压力（气体密度）、气体和液体流速以及管道材料等几个参数对夹带分数的影响。正如预期的那样，夹带分数随着气体密度或气体速度的增加而增加。液体流速对夹带的影响不明显；结果表明，随着液体流速的增加，夹带量要么保持不变，要么减少，这取决于气体流速。使用两种不同的管道材料（PVC 和碳钢）进行的测量表明，表面材料会导致夹带的显着差异。因此，近壁膜行为将对夹带机制产生相当大的影响，特别是当液膜厚度变得非常薄时。最后，