The modern era of rectal cancer surgery started with the introduction of the concept of total mesorectal excision (TME) by Heald and Ryall.¹ They reported an overall survival rate of 87% in patients who underwent a resection for a cure. The rationale behind TME has been further validated by the understanding of the importance of the circumferential resection margins and the quality of TME, both prognostic markers of recurrence and survival.^2,3 To further improve these results, the use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy has become the standard of care for stage 2 to 3 rectal cancer.⁴

中文翻译：

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局部晚期直肠癌是该改变典范了吗？

直肠癌手术的现代时代始于Heald和Ryall提出的全直肠系膜切除术（TME）概念。¹他们报告说，接受切除术治愈的患者的总生存率为87％。TME背后的基本原理已经通过对周围切除边缘的重要性和TME的质量的了解得到了进一步验证，TMA和TME都是复发和生存的预后标志。^{2 ，3}为进一步改善这些结果，使用新辅助放化疗已成为护理标准为阶段2〜3直肠癌。⁴