Uniform TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) is synthesized by a facile hydrothermal approach and used as support for Ru NPs. It is found that HF amount has a considerable influence in the size and uniformity of TiO₂ NPs, and the optimized Ru/TiO₂-0.4 is highly efficient for fast room-temperature hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) in water. For example, Ru/TiO₂-0.4 Exhibits 5.1 times higher activity in comparison with commercial TiO₂ supported Ru (Ru/TiO₂-C), and affords 97.4% LA conversion and >99% GLV selectivity at 30 °C and 1 MPa H₂ for 30 min. In particular, Ru/TiO₂-0.4 can even reach 88.5% LA conversion at lower temperature to 10 °C. This catalyst is stable for recycle and also affords good conversion as well as high selectivity for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of biomass-derived vanillin, attributed to smaller sized TiO₂ NPs, easier electron donation from TiO₂ to Ru and higher reducibility of Ru species.

均匀的TiO ₂纳米颗粒（NPs）通过一种简便的水热方法合成，并用作Ru NPs的载体。研究发现，HF量对TiO ₂ NPs的尺寸和均匀度有很大影响，并且优化的Ru / TiO ₂ -0.4对于将乙酰丙酸（LA）室温快速氢化为γ-戊内酯（GVL）非常有效。 ） 在水里。例如，Ru / TiO ₂ -0.4的活性是市售TiO ₂负载的Ru（Ru / TiO ₂ -C）的5.1倍，在30°C和1 MPa的压力下LA转化率为97.4％，GLV选择性> 99％ H ₂ 30分钟。特别是Ru / TiO ₂-0.4在较低温度至10°C时甚至可以达到88.5％的LA转化率。这种催化剂是用于再循环稳定和也提供良好的转化率以及高选择性加氢脱氧源自生物质的香草醛（HDO），归因于较小尺寸的TiO ₂纳米粒子，选自TiO容易电子给予₂到的Ru和Ru物种更高还原性。