Abstract As the use of manufactured nanomaterials continues to grow internationally, policymakers, regulators, and key stakeholders in industry need to foster governance for such materials and their resulting products. Various stakeholders in government and industry have traditionally employed risk assessment quantifying material hazard, exposure, and effects assessments based upon available measurable data to derive safe exposure limits and acceptable environmental releases. This approach forms the foundation of risk-based governance. However, where manufactured nanomaterials do not have robust quantitative data to populate models for evaluation of hazard, exposure and effects, an alternative set of tools is needed for nanomaterial governance. One option is governance using holistic, multi-criteria approaches, which comparatively review risks, benefits, and other implications of nano-enabled products against conventional alternatives. Such multi-criteria approaches are in line with recent calls for research by the European Commission, and are increasingly discussed in scholarly literature. Based upon the needs and legal/regulatory requirements of a given stakeholder, risk-based or multi-criteria tools can help inform nanomaterial assessment and decision making.

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与工程纳米材料相关的风险：用于不同治理方式的不同工具

摘要 随着人造纳米材料的使用在国际上持续增长，政策制定者、监管机构和行业的主要利益相关者需要加强对此类材料及其产品的治理。政府和行业中的各种利益相关者传统上采用风险评估，根据可用的可测量数据对材料危害、暴露和影响评估进行量化，以推导出安全暴露限值和可接受的环境释放。这种方法构成了基于风险的治理的基础。然而，如果人造纳米材料没有可靠的定量数据来填充用于评估危害、暴露和影响的模型，则需要一套替代工具来管理纳米材料。一种选择是使用整体的、多标准的方法进行治理，相对地审查风险，与传统替代品相比，纳米产品的优势和其他影响。这种多标准方法符合欧盟委员会最近对研究的呼吁，并且越来越多地在学术文献中讨论。根据给定利益相关者的需求和法律/监管要求，基于风险或多标准的工具可以帮助为纳米材料评估和决策提供信息。