Composite aerogels with excellent mechanical properties were prepared by using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as raw materials, 2D graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as reinforcement, boric acid (BA) as cross-linker. By controlling the heat transfer rate, composite aerogels with isotropy and anisotropy structure were prepared, the mechanical and heat insulation properties were studied. The isotropy composite aerogel had compression strength of 110 kPa at 60% compression, which was 5 times of the axial and 14 times of the radial of anisotropy structure composite aerogels, and thermal conductivity was also lower than those of two directions of anisotropy composite aerogel. Besides, the mechanical properties of isotropy composite aerogels increased with the increase of GO content. When GO content was up to 5 wt%, the compressive strength and Young’s modulus of composite aerogels reached 349 kPa and 1029 kPa, which were 1.6 and 4.5 times that of CMC aerogels, respectively.

以羧甲基纤维素（CMC）为原料，二维氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米片为增强材料，硼酸（BA）为交联剂，制备了具有优异机械性能的复合气凝胶。通过控制传热速率，制备了具有各向同性和各向异性结构的复合气凝胶，研究了其力学性能和隔热性能。各向同性复合气凝胶在60％压缩时的抗压强度为110 kPa，是各向异性结构复合气凝胶轴向的5倍，径向的14倍，导热系数也低于各向异性复合气凝胶的两个方向。此外，各向同性复合气凝胶的力学性能随着GO含量的增加而增加。当GO含量不超过5 wt％时，