X-ray diffraction tomography (XDT) probes the spatially variant x-ray diffraction (XRD) profile within volumetric objects. Here, we demonstrate a tabletop XDT setup with coded cone-beam illumination that accelerates the acquisition process of three-dimensional (3D) objects. Compared to the attenuation-based x-ray computed tomography (CT), XDT images display high contrast and specificity among materials with similar absorption coefficients. However, due to the weak signal level of diffraction and the low efficiency in source utilization and detection, conventional XDT systems require high-brilliance synchrotron sources to manage the acquisition time. In this paper, we propose a coded-illumination XDT system that utilizes the cone-beam from a tabletop x-ray tube and eliminates the detector-side collimation. The multiplexed measurement promotes parallelization in the data acquisition and enables simple implementation of compressive measurements, addressing the need of tabletop XDT systems in industrial nondestructive testing and medical imaging applications. We have demonstrated 1 order of magnitude reduction in XDT acquisition time, making high-contrast 3D x-ray imaging accessible to various research and application areas.

中文翻译：

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具有低亮度台式光源的编码锥束X射线衍射断层扫描

X射线衍射断层扫描（XDT）探测体积对象内空间变化的X射线衍射（XRD）轮廓。在这里，我们演示了带有编码锥束照明的桌面XDT设置，该设置可以加速三维（3D）对象的采集过程。与基于衰减的X射线计算机断层扫描（CT）相比，XDT图像在具有相似吸收系数的材料之间显示出高对比度和特异性。但是，由于衍射的信号电平很弱，并且源利用和检测效率低，常规的XDT系统需要高亮度的同步加速器源来管理采集时间。在本文中，我们提出了一种编码照明XDT系统，该系统利用台式X射线管的锥形光束消除了检测器侧的准直。多路复用测量促进了数据采集的并行化，并使得压缩测量的实现变得简单，从而满足了工业无损检测和医学成像应用中台式XDT系统的需求。我们已经证明XDT采集时间减少了一个数量级，使高对比度3D X射线成像可用于各种研究和应用领域。