Biofouling is a long-standing problem in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for domestic wastewater treatment because it deteriorates membrane permeability, thus demanding frequent chemical cleaning which can shorten membrane life-time. Recently, several anti-biofouling strategies have been suggested under scientific and engineered attentions from aerobic or anaerobic MBR systems. Nevertheless, researches are still needed to better understand biofouling and develop novel approaches to control this inevitable phenomenon. In this review, recent advances and emerging issues associated with biofouling control in aerobic and anaerobic MBR technologies are critically discussed. Existing challenges and future research perspectives are also addressed to achieve MBR sustainability with biofouling control. This also suggests that integration of MBR with hybrid approach could effectively enhance MBR performance in terms of biofouling mitigation. Future works should elucidate biofouling behavior in integrated MBRs more clearly for sustainable wastewater treatment applications.

生物污垢是用于家庭废水处理的膜生物反应器（MBR）中的一个长期存在的问题，因为它会降低膜的渗透性，因此需要经常进行化学清洁，这会缩短膜的使用寿命。最近，在需氧或厌氧MBR系统的科学和工程关注下，已提出了几种抗生物污垢策略。尽管如此，仍然需要进行研究以更好地理解生物污染并开发新颖的方法来控制这种不可避免的现象。在这篇综述中，对与需氧和厌氧MBR技术中生物污垢控制相关的最新进展和新兴问题进行了严格的讨论。还解决了现有挑战和未来研究前景，以通过生物污垢控制实现MBR可持续性。这也表明，MBR与混合方法的集成可以在减轻生物污损方面有效地提高MBR性能。未来的工作应该更清楚地阐明集成式MBR中的生物污垢行为，以实现可持续的废水处理应用。