Low energy krypton ion beam induced phase transformation and bubble formation in monoclinic zirconia (ZrO₂) has been studied using electron microscopy, Raman scattering, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The zirconia samples were synthesized by the thermal decomposition method and 60 keV Kr⁺ ion irradiation was carried out at 300 K and 143 K. The as-sintered ZrO₂ particles were found to be monoclinic in structure, however, upon 60 keV Kr⁺ ion irradiation, a fraction of the sample (∼4.9% (300 K) and ∼8.3% (143 K) for the ion fluence of 1 × 10¹⁷ ions/cm²) was transformed from monoclinic to tetragonal phase along with the formation of krypton bubbles. The size of the bubbles is found to increase with the ion fluence, irrespective of the sample temperature during ion irradiation. The phase transformation from monoclinic to tetragonal structure was mainly due to radiation damage process where the driving force is strain field associated with the O-vacancies. The monoclinic to tetragonal transformation rate is faster when the ion irradiation was carried out at 143 K and this is attributed to the immobility of defects and production of large number of oxygen vacancies. The krypton bubble formation might be hindering the monoclinic to tetragonal phase transformation rate.

利用电子显微镜，拉曼散射，掠入射X射线衍射和光致发光光谱研究了单斜氧化锆（ZrO ₂）中低能k离子束诱导的相变和气泡形成。通过热分解法合成了氧化锆样品，并在300 K和143 K下进行了60 keV Kr ⁺离子辐照。发现烧结态的ZrO ₂颗粒在结构上为单斜晶，但是在60 keV Kr ⁺离子下离子通量为1×10 ¹⁷ 离子/ cm ²时，样品的一部分（约4.9％（300 K）和约8.3％（143 K）））从单斜晶相转变为四方晶相，同时形成bubbles气泡。发现气泡的大小随离子通量的增加而增加，与离子辐照期间的样品温度无关。从单斜结构到四方结构的相变主要归因于辐射损伤过程，其中驱动力是与O空位相关的应变场。当在143 K下进行离子辐照时，单斜晶向四方晶的转化速率更快，这归因于缺陷的固定化和大量氧空位的产生。bubble气泡的形成可能会阻碍单斜相向四方相的转化速率。