Abstract Owing to their abundant unique properties and ready compatibility with healthcare and therapeutic technology, nanoparticles are becoming one of the most desirable materials in the biomedical industry. Particularly, novel nanoparticles possess distinctive photoluminescence, biocompatibility, antibacterial effect, surface plasmon resonance, and immunogenicity. In this review, we describe the general synthesis, physical properties, cellular activity, and biological applications of popular nanoparticles/nanomaterials (i.e., silicon, gold, iron oxide, and carbon nanotubes), while focusing on the immunology encompassing these nanoparticles and their potential applications in the fields of nanotherapy. We further highlight major challenges and promises in this area and review the uses of nanoparticles in current technologies, such as nanoparticle-mediated cellular immunology and cytotoxicity in therapeutic applications.

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工程纳米材料在治疗诊断学中的应用

摘要 由于纳米颗粒具有丰富的独特性能以及与医疗保健和治疗技术的良好兼容性，纳米颗粒正成为生物医学行业最理想的材料之一。特别是，新型纳米粒子具有独特的光致发光、生物相容性、抗菌作用、表面等离子体共振和免疫原性。在这篇综述中，我们描述了流行的纳米粒子/纳米材料（即硅、金、氧化铁和碳纳米管）的一般合成、物理特性、细胞活性和生物学应用，同时重点关注包含这些纳米粒子及其潜力的免疫学在纳米治疗领域的应用。我们进一步强调了该领域的主要挑战和前景，并回顾了纳米粒子在当前技术中的使用，