High Aspect Ratio Nanostructures Kill Bacteria via Storage and Release of Mechanical Energy,ACS Nano

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High Aspect Ratio Nanostructures Kill Bacteria via Storage and Release of Mechanical Energy
ACS Nano ( IF 15.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-05-31 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01665
Denver P. Linklater _{1,

2} , Michael De Volder ₃ , Vladimir A. Baulin ₄ , Marco Werner ₄ , Sarah Jessl ₃ , Mehdi Golozar ₃ , Laura Maggini ₃ , Sergey Rubanov ₅ , Eric Hanssen ₅ , Saulius Juodkazis ₂ , Elena P. Ivanova _{1,

6}

Affiliation

The threat of a global rise in the number of untreatable infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria calls for the design and fabrication of a new generation of bactericidal materials. Here, we report a concept for the design of antibacterial surfaces, whereby cell death results from the ability of the nanofeatures to deflect when in contact with attaching cells. We show, using three-dimensional transmission electron microscopy, that the exceptionally high aspect ratio (100–3000) of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) imparts extreme flexibility, which enhances the elastic energy storage in CNTs as they bend in contact with bacteria. Our experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that, for high aspect ratio structures, the bending energy stored in the CNTs is a substantial factor for the physical rupturing of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The highest bactericidal rates (99.3% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 84.9% for Staphylococcus aureus) were obtained by modifying the length of the VACNTs, allowing us to identify the optimal substratum properties to kill different types of bacteria efficiently. This work highlights that the bactericidal activity of high aspect ratio nanofeatures can outperform both natural bactericidal surfaces and other synthetic nanostructured multifunctional surfaces reported in previous studies. The present systems exhibit the highest bactericidal activity of a CNT-based substratum against a Gram-negative bacterium reported to date, suggesting the possibility of achieving close to 100% bacterial inactivation on VACNT-based substrata.

中文翻译：

高纵横比的纳米结构通过机械能的存储和释放杀死细菌

由抗药性细菌引起的不可治愈的感染数量全球增加的威胁要求设计和制造新一代的杀菌材料。在这里，我们报告了一种抗菌表面设计的概念，其中细胞死亡是由纳米特征在与附着细胞接触时发生挠曲的能力引起的。我们使用三维透射电子显微镜显示，垂直排列的碳纳米管（VACNTs）的超高长宽比（100-3000）具有极高的柔韧性，当碳纳米管与细菌接触时会弯曲，从而增强了碳纳米管的弹性能存储。我们的实验和理论分析表明，对于高长宽比的结构，碳纳米管中存储的弯曲能是革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌物理破裂的重要因素。最高的杀菌率（99.3％铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的比例为84.9％，这是通过修改VACNTs的长度获得的，从而使我们能够确定最佳的基质特性，从而有效地杀死不同类型的细菌。这项工作强调了高纵横比纳米功能的杀菌活性可以胜过天然杀菌表面和先前研究中报道的其他合成纳米结构多功能表面。本系统表现出迄今为止报道的基于CNT的基质对革兰氏阴性细菌的最高杀菌活性，提示在基于VACNT的基质上实现接近100％的细菌灭活的可能性。

更新日期：2018-05-31

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