Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a natural and major ingredient of green tea, has been shown to have anti-inflammation and anti-HIV-1 properties. We demonstrated that the intrarectal administration of EGCG could protect rhesus macaques from repetitive, intrarectal challenges with low-dose SHIV_SF162P3N. This protection has a per-exposure risk reduction of 91.5% (P = 0.0009; log-rank test) and a complete protection of 87.5% (P < 0.001; Fisher's exact test). All protected animals showed no evidence of systemic and mucosal SHIV infection as demonstrated by the absence of viral RNA, DNA and antibodies. In contrast, all controls became infected after repeated SHIV challenges (a median of 2.5 times, range of 1-8 times). Mechanistically, EGCG could block the binding of HIV-1 gp120 to CD4 receptor and suppress the macrophage infiltration/activation in the rectal mucosa of macaques. These data support further clinical evaluation and development of EGCG as a novel, safe and cost-effective microbicide for preventing sexual transmission of HIV-1.

中文翻译：

---

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate 局部暴露前应用可预防猕猴 SHIV 直肠感染。

表没食子儿茶素 3-没食子酸酯 (EGCG) 是绿茶的一种天然主要成分，已被证明具有抗炎和抗 HIV-1 特性。我们证明了 EGCG 的直肠内给药可以保护恒河猴免受低剂量 SHIV _{SF162P3N的重复直肠内攻击}. 这种保护具有 91.5% 的每次暴露风险降低（P = 0.0009；对数秩检验）和 87.5% 的完全保护（P < 0.001；Fisher 精确检验）。所有受保护的动物都没有表现出全身和粘膜 SHIV 感染的证据，如病毒 RNA、DNA 和抗体的缺乏所证明的那样。相比之下，所有对照组在反复 SHIV 攻击后都被感染（中位数为 2.5 次，范围为 1-8 次）。从机制上讲，EGCG 可以阻断 HIV-1 gp120 与 CD4 受体的结合，并抑制猕猴直肠粘膜中的巨噬细胞浸润/激活。这些数据支持 EGCG 作为一种新型、安全且具有成本效益的杀微生物剂的进一步临床评估和开发，用于预防 HIV-1 的性传播。